Australian region tropical cyclone
Tropical cyclones are non-frontal, low pressure systems that develop within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft.[1] Within the Southern Hemisphere there are officially three areas where tropical cyclones develop on a regular basis, these areas are the South-West Indian Ocean between Africa and 90°E, the Australian region between 90°E and 160°E and the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. The Australian region is monitored by five different warning centers three of which are run by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, while the other two are operated by the Papua New Guinea National Weather Service and the Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika.
Contents
Basin history
There is a history of tropical cyclones affecting northeastern Australia for over 5000 years; however, Clement Lindley Wragge was the first person to monitor and name them.[2]
In the early history of tropical cyclones in the Australian region, the only evidence of a storm was based on ship reports and observations from land. Later, satellite imagery began in the basin in the 1959/60 season, although it was not continuous until 1970. In Western Australia in particular, the lack of population centers, shipping lanes, radars, and offshore stations meant that storms were tracked infrequently. After the onset of satellite imagery, the Dvorak technique was used to estimate storm's intensities and locations.[3]
Background
The Australian region is currently defined as being between 90E and 160E and is monitored by five different warning centres during the season that runs from 1 November to 30 April. Three of the warning centres are
Seasons
1970s
| Season | Tropical Lows |
Tropical Cyclones |
Severe Tropical Cyclones |
Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970–71 | 20 | 20 | 10 | Sheila-Sophie | Unknown | ? | |
| 1971–72 | 18 | 18 | 10 | Emily | Unknown | ? | |
| 1972–73 | 15 | 15 | 8 | Flores | Unknown | ? | |
| 1973–74 | 19 | 19 | 9 | Jessie | Unknown | ? | |
| 1974–75 | 16 | 5 | 3 | Trixie | 71> | ? | |
| 1975–76 | 16 | 16 | 6 | Watorea | Unknown | ? | |
| 1976–77 | 13 | 5 | 1 | Ted | Unknown | ? | |
| 1977–78 | 9 | 5 | 2 | Alby | Unknown | ? | |
| 1978–79 | 13 | 3 | 1 | Hazel | Unknown | ? | |
| 1979–80 | 16 | 15 | 7 | Amy | Unknown | ? |
1980s
| Season | Tropical Lows |
Tropical Cyclones |
Severe Tropical Cyclones |
Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980–81 | |||||||
| 1981–82 | |||||||
| 1982–83 | |||||||
| 1983–84 | |||||||
| 1984–85 | |||||||
| 1985–86 | |||||||
| 1986–87 | |||||||
| 1987–88 | 6 | 5 | 2 | ||||
| 1988–89 | |||||||
| 1989–90 |
1990s
| Season | Tropical Lows |
Tropical Cyclones |
Severe Tropical Cyclones |
Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990–91 | 10 | 10 | 7 | Marian | 27 | ||
| 1991–92 | 11 | 10 | 9 | Harriet-Heather | 5 | $9.4 million | |
| 1992–93 | 6 | 3 | 1 | Oliver | 0 | $950 million | |
| 1993–94 | 12 | 11 | 7 | Theodore | 22 | ||
| 1994–95 | 19 | 9 | 6 | Chloe | 1 | ||
| 1995–96 | 19 | 14 | 9 | Olivia | 1 | $58.5 million | |
| 1996–97 | 15 | 14 | 3 | Pancho | 34 | $190 million | |
| 1997–98 | 10 | 9 | 3 | Tiffany | [4] | ||
| 1998–99 | 21 | 14 | 9 | Gwenda | 8 | $250 million | [4] |
| 1999-00 | 13 | 12 | 5 | John/Paul | 0 | $251 million | [4] |
2000s
| Season | Tropical Lows |
Tropical Cyclones |
Severe Tropical Cyclones |
Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–01 | 9 | 8 | 3 | Sam | 163 | $12.8 million | [4] |
| 2001–02 | 14 | 10 | 4 | Chris | 19 | $929 thousand | [4] |
| 2002–03 | 10 | 9 | 3 | Inigo | 62 | $28 million | [4] |
| 2003–04 | 13 | 10 | 5 | Fay | $20 million | [4] | |
| 2004–05 | 13 | 10 | 4 | Ingrid | 5 | $14.4 million | [4] |
| 2005–06 | 17 | 14 | 9 | Monica | 1 | $808 million | [4] |
| 2006–07 | 8 | 5 | 3 | George | 3 | [4] | |
| 2007–08 | 23 | 9 | 3 | Pancho | 170 | $86 million | [4] |
| 2008–09 | 23 | 11 | 3 | Hamish | 5 | $103 million | [4] |
| 2009–10 | 13 | 8 | 4 | Laurence | 3 | $681 million | [4] |
2010s
| Season | Tropical Lows |
Tropical Cyclones |
Severe Tropical Cyclones |
Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010–11 | 28 | 10 | 5 | Yasi | 3 | $3.56 billion | [4][5] |
| 2011–12 | 20 | 8 | 2 | Lua | 16 | > $230 million | [5] |
| 2012–13 | 18 | 9 | 4 | Narelle | 20 | $2.5 billion | [6] |
| 2013–14 | 24 | 10 | 5 | Ita | 22 | $958 million | |
| 2014–15 | 15 | 9 | 7 | Marcia | 1 | > $732 million | |
| 2015–16 | 11 | 3 | 0 | Stan | 0 | None | [A 1] |
Notes
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- Tropical cyclone
- Atlantic hurricane season
- Pacific hurricane season
- Pacific typhoon season
- North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season
- South Pacific tropical cyclone season
References
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- Australian Bureau of Meteorology
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center
- Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Jakarta (Indonesian)
- Digital Typhoon
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