Hockey at the Olympic Games

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Hockey at the Olympic Games
Field hockey pictogram.svg
Governing body FIH
Events 2 (men: 1; women: 1)
Games

Hockey, or more specifically, field hockey, was introduced at the Olympic Games as a men's competition at the 1908 Games in London, with six teams, including four from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Field hockey was removed from the Summer Olympic Games at the 1924 Paris Games because of the lack of an international sporting structure. The International Hockey Federation (FIH, Fédération Internationale de Hockey) was founded in Paris that year as a response to field hockey's omission. Men's field hockey became a permanent feature at the next Olympic Games, the 1928 Games in Amsterdam.

For a long time, India dominated the Olympics, winning the men's gold medal in seven out of eight Olympics from 1928 to 1964. Later, Pakistan was also dominant, winning three gold and three silver medals between 1956 and 1984.

Since 1968, various teams from around the world have seen gold-medal success at the Olympics. Since 1968, several countries in the Southern Hemisphere have won various medals in men's and women's field hockey, including Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and Zimbabwe. A leading group of teams from the Northern Hemisphere has come from the Netherlands and from Germany.

Spain has appeared in the most Olympic men's competitions without winning the men's gold medal, having won silver three times in 1980, 1996, 2008 and bronze once in 1960. Australia had competed in 11 Olympics without winning gold before breaking their streak in 2004.

The first women's Olympic field hockey competition was held at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Olympic field hockey games were first played on artificial turf at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games.

Until 1988 Olympics the tournament was invitational but FIH introduced qualification system since the 1992 games.


Men

Summaries

Year Host Final Bronze medal match
Gold medal Score Silver medal Bronze medal Score Fourth place
1908
Details
London Template:Fh-big
(England)
8–1 Template:Fh-big
(Ireland)
Template:Fh-big
(Scotland)
Template:Fh-big
(Wales)
[1]
1912 Stockholm No hockey tournament No hockey tournament
1920
Details
Antwerp Template:Fh-big [2] Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big [2] Template:Fh-big
1924 Paris No hockey tournament No hockey tournament
1928
Details
Amsterdam Template:Fh-big 3–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 3–0 Template:Fh-big
1932
Details
Los Angeles Template:Fh-big [3] Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big [3]
1936
Details
Berlin Template:Fh-big 8–1 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 4–3 Template:Fh-big
1948
Details
London Template:Fh-big 4–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 1–1
(4–1)
Penalty strokes
Template:Fh-big
1952
Details
Helsinki Template:Fh-big 6–1 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big
1956
Details
Melbourne Template:Fh-big 1–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big[4] 3–1 Template:Fh-big
1960
Details
Rome Template:Fh-big 1–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big
1964
Details
Tokyo Template:Fh-big 1–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 3–2
after extra time
Template:Fh-big
1968
Details
Mexico City Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big
1972
Details
Munich Template:Fh-big 1–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big
1976
Details
Montreal Template:Fh-big 1–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 3–2 Template:Fh-big
1980
Details
Moscow Template:Fh-big 4–3 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big
1984
Details
Los Angeles Template:Fh-big 2–1
after extra time
Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 3–2 Template:Fh-big
1988
Details
Seoul Template:Fh-big 3–1 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big
1992
Details
Barcelona Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 4–3 Template:Fh-big
1996
Details
Atlanta Template:Fh-big 3–1 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 3–2 Template:Fh-big
2000
Details
Sydney Template:Fh-big 3–3
(5–4)
Penalty strokes
Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 6–3 Template:Fh-big
2004
Details
Athens Template:Fh-big 2–1
after extra time
Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 4–3
after extra time
Template:Fh-big
2008
Details
Beijing Template:Fh-big 1–0 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 6–2 Template:Fh-big
2012
Details
London Template:Fh-big 2–1 Template:Fh-big Template:Fh-big 3–1 Template:Fh-big
2016
Details
Rio de Janeiro
2020
Details
Tokyo

Team appearances

Team 08 20 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 Total
 Afghanistan 6th 8th 11th 3
 Argentina 5th 14th 14th 11th 8th 11th 9th 8th 11th 10th Q 10
 Australia 5th 6th 3rd 2nd 5th 2nd 4th 4th 2nd 3rd 3rd 1st 3rd 3rd Q 14
 Austria 9th 8th 7th 3
 Belgium 3rd 4th 9th 5th 9th 7th 11th 11th 9th 10th 9th 9th 5th Q 13
 Brazil Q 1
 Canada 13th 10th 12th 11th 10th 10th Q 7
 China 11th 1
 CIS# 10th 1
 Cuba 5th 1
 Denmark 2nd 5th 10th 11th 16th 5
 East Germany 11th 1
 Egypt 12th 12th 2
 England 1st 1
 Finland 9th 1
 France 6th 4th 5th 4th 8th 11th 10th 10th 12th 9
 Great Britain 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 4th 9th 12th 6th 3rd 1st 6th 7th 6th 9th 5th 4th Q 16
 Germany 5th 3rd 2nd 5th 1st 4th 5th 3rd 1st 1st Q 10
 Hong Kong 15th 1
 Hungary 8th 1
 India 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd 1st 3rd 3rd 7th 1st 5th 6th 7th 8th 7th 7th 12th Q 20
 Ireland 2nd Q 2
 Italy 11th 13th 2
 Japan 2nd 7th 14th 7th 12th Q 6
 Kenya 10th 7th 6th 8th 13th 9th 12th 7
 Malaysia 9th 9th 15th 8th 8th 10th 9th 11th 11th 9
 Mexico 16th 16th 2
 Netherlands 2nd 3rd 3rd 2nd 9th 7th 5th 4th 4th 6th 3rd 4th 1st 1st 2nd 4th 2nd Q 17
 New Zealand 6th 5th 13th 7th 9th 1st 7th 8th 6th 7th 9th 11
 Pakistan 4th 4th 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 5th 3rd 6th 4th 5th 8th 7th 16
 Poland 6th 12th 11th 4th 12th 5
 Scotland 3rd 1
 Singapore 8th 1
 South Africa 10th 10th 12th 11th 4
 South Korea 10th 5th 2nd 8th 6th 8th 6
 Soviet Union# 3rd 7th 2
 Spain 7th 11th 3rd 4th 6th 7th 6th 2nd 8th 9th 5th 2nd 9th 4th 2nd 6th Q 16
  Switzerland 7th 5th 5th 7th 15th 5
 Tanzania 6th 1
 Uganda 15th 1
 Unified Team of Germany 3rd 7th 5th 3
 United States 3rd 11th 11th 12th 11th 12th 6
 Wales 3rd 1
 West Germany 4th 1st 5th 2nd 2nd 5
 Zimbabwe 11th 1
Total 6 4 9 3 11 13 12 12 16 15 16 16 11 6 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 270
# = states or teams that have since split into two or more independent nations

45 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Game.

Women

Summaries

Year Host Final Bronze medal match
Gold medal Score Silver medal Bronze medal Score Fourth place
1980
Details
Moscow
Zimbabwe
[5]
Czechoslovakia

Soviet Union
[5]
India
1984
Details
Los Angeles
Netherlands
[6]
West Germany

United States
(10–5)
Penalty strokes[7]

Australia
1988
Details
Seoul
Australia
2–0
South Korea

Netherlands
3–1
Great Britain
1992
Details
Barcelona
Spain
2–1
after extra time

Germany

Great Britain
4–3
South Korea
1996
Details
Atlanta
Australia
3–1
South Korea

Netherlands
0–0
(4–3)
Penalty strokes

Great Britain
2000
Details
Sydney
Australia
3–1
Argentina

Netherlands
2–0
Spain
2004
Details
Athens
Germany
2–1
Netherlands

Argentina
1–0
China
2008
Details
Beijing
Netherlands
2–0
China

Argentina
3–1
Germany
2012
Details
London
Netherlands
2–0
Argentina

Great Britain
3–1
New Zealand
2016
Details
Rio de Janeiro
2020
Details
Tokyo

Team appearances

Team 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 Total
 Argentina 7th 7th 2nd 3rd 3rd 2nd Q 7
 Australia 4th 1st 5th 1st 1st 5th 5th 5th Q 9
 Austria 5th 1
 Belgium 11th 1
 Canada 5th 6th 7th 3
 Czechoslovakia# 2nd 1
 China 5th 4th 2nd 6th Q 5
 Germany 2nd 6th 7th 1st 4th 7th Q 7
 Great Britain 4th 3rd 4th 8th 6th 3rd Q 7
 India 4th Q 2
 Japan 8th 10th 9th Q Q 4
 Netherlands 1st 3rd 6th 3rd 3rd 2nd 1st 1st Q 9
 New Zealand 6th 8th 6th 6th 12th 4th Q 7
 Poland 6th 1
 South Africa 10th 9th 11th 10th 4
 South Korea 2nd 4th 2nd 9th 7th 9th 8th Q 8
 Soviet Union# 3rd 1
 Spain 1st 8th 4th 10th 7th Q 6
 United States 3rd 8th 5th 8th 12th Q 6
 West Germany 2nd 5th 2
 Zimbabwe 1st 1
Total 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12 104
# = states that have since split into two or more independent nations

Australia and the Netherlands are the only teams to have competed at almost every Olympic Games, except for only one edition; 21 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games.

Medal table

The Indian Hockey team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, later going on to defeat Germany 8–1 in the final
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  India (IND)* 8 1 2 11
2  Netherlands (NED) 5 5 6 16
3  Australia (AUS) 4 3 5 12
4  Germany (GER) 4 2 2 8
5  Pakistan (PAK) 3 3 2 8
6  Great Britain (GBR) 3 2 6 11
7  Spain (ESP) 1 3 1 5
8  West Germany (FRG) 1 3 0 4
9  New Zealand (NZL) 1 0 0 1
 Zimbabwe (ZIM) 1 0 0 1
11  South Korea (KOR) 0 3 0 3
12  Argentina (ARG) 0 2 2 4
13  China (CHN) 0 1 0 1
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 0 1 0 1
 Denmark (DEN) 0 1 0 1
 Japan (JPN) 0 1 0 1
17  Soviet Union (URS) 0 0 2 2
 United States (USA) 0 0 2 2
19  Belgium (BEL) 0 0 1 1
 United Team of Germany (EUA) 0 0 1 1
Total 31 31 32 94

* Includes 3 gold medals as British India

Nations

Only players who participated in at least one game are counted.

Nation 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 Years
 Afghanistan (AFG)           12 14 X 3
 Argentina (ARG)           12 X X X X X X X X X 10
 Australia (AUS)           X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 14
 Austria (AUT)           16 12 11 3
 Belgium (BEL)         14   18 12 13 11 X X X X X X X X 13
 Canada (CAN)           X X X X X X 6
 China (CHN)           X X 1
 Cuba (CUB)           X 1
 Denmark (DEN)         12   13 13 16 X 5
 Egypt (EGY)           X X 2
 Finland (FIN)           11 1
 France (FRA)       11   11   15 18 14 13 X X X 9
 Germany (GER)       11     19 22 15 X X X X X X X X X X 14
 East Germany (GDR)           X 1
 West Germany (FRG)           X X X X 4
 Great Britain (GBR)       44*   15   12 13 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 17
 Hong Kong (HKG)           X 1
 Hungary (HUN)           15 1
 India (IND)           14 15 19 20 14 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 19
 Italy (ITA)           11 X 2
 Japan (JPN)           11 11 X X X X 6
 South Korea (KOR)           X X X X X X 6
 Kenya (KEN)           X X X X X X X 7
 Malaysia (MAS)           X X X X X X X X X 9
 Mexico (MEX)           X X 2
 Netherlands (NED)           11 12 12 11 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 14
 New Zealand (NZL)           X X X X X X X X X X X 11
 Pakistan (PAK)           19 16 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 15
 Poland (POL)           11 X X X X 5
 Rhodesia (RHO)           X 1
 Spain (ESP)           15 14 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 16
 Singapore (SIN)           X 1
 Soviet Union (URS)           X X 2
 South Africa (RSA)           X X X X 4
 Switzerland (SUI)           16 13 15 11 X 5
 Tanzania (TAN)           X 1
 Unified Team (EUN)           X 1
 Uganda (UGA)           X 4
 United States (USA)           13 14 14 X X X X 7
 Rhodesia (RHO)           X 1
Nations 3 4 9 3 11 13 12
Field hockey players 66 52 137 39 161 187 144

* Four teams competed: England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

See also

Footnotes

  1. There was no bronze medal match for the 1908 Games in London.
  2. 2.0 2.1 The 1920 tournament was played in a round-robin format, so there were no gold medal or bronze medal matches. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "round" defined multiple times with different content
  3. 3.0 3.1 Only three teams participated in the 1932 tournament, so they played a round-robin format.
  4. The Unified Team of Germany was the combined team from West Germany and East Germany that competed together at the Olympic Games from 1956 to 1964. Then each country sent independent teams from 1968 to 1988.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Round-robin format play in 1980 for women's tournament Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "moscow" defined multiple times with different content
  6. Round Robin format use in 1984 women's tournament
  7. The final standings show both the United States and Australia were tied in points and had same margin in goal difference (both having scored 9 goals and conceded 7 goals), therefore a penalty stroke competition was played to decide the bronze medal winner, with the United States winning.