List of Colonial Colleges

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Engraving of Harvard College by Paul Revere, 1767

The Colonial Colleges are nine institutions of higher education chartered in the American Colonies before the United States of America became a sovereign nation after the American Revolution.[1] These nine have long been considered together, notably in the survey of their origins in the 1907 The Cambridge History of English and American Literature.[2] Seven of the nine colonial colleges are part of the Ivy League athletic conference: Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Brown, and Dartmouth. (The eighth member of the Ivy League, Cornell University, was founded in 1865.)

The two colonial colleges not in the Ivy League are now both public universities—the College of William & Mary in Virginia and Rutgers University. William & Mary was a private institution from 1693 until just after the American Civil War, when it received some support from the state. It became public in 1906. Rutgers became the state university of New Jersey after World War II.

The nine Colonial Colleges

Seven of the nine colonial colleges began their histories as institutions of higher learning de novo (i.e., with no predecessor parent organization). Dartmouth College began operating in 1768 as the collegiate department of Moor's Charity School, a secondary school started in 1754 by Dartmouth founder Eleazar Wheelock. Dartmouth considers its founding date to be 1769, when it was granted a collegiate charter. The University of Pennsylvania began operating in 1751 as a secondary school, the Academy of Philadelphia, and added an institution of higher education in 1755 with the granting of a charter to the College of Philadelphia.

Institution
(present name, if different)		 Colony Founded Chartered First instruction (degrees) Primary religious influence Ivy League
New College[nb 1]
(Harvard University)		 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1636 1650[3] 1642 (1642) Puritan (Congregational) Yes
College of William & Mary Colony of Virginia 1693[nb 2] 1693[6] 1694[7] Church of England[nb 3] No
Collegiate School
(Yale University)		 Connecticut Colony 1701 1701[8] 1702 (1702 honorary MA) (1703 BA)[9] Puritan (Congregational) Yes
College of New Jersey
(Princeton University)		 Province of New Jersey 1746 1746[10] 1747 (1748) Presbyterian but officially nonsectarian Yes
King's College
(Columbia University)		 Province of New York 1754 1754[11] 1754 (1758) [12] Church of England with a commitment to "religious liberty."[13] Yes
College of Philadelphia
(University of Pennsylvania)		 Province of Pennsylvania 1755 (college)[nb 4] 1755[18] 1755 (1757) Church of England but officially nonsectarian[19][nb 5] Yes
College of Rhode Island[24]
(Brown University)		 Colony of Rhode Island 1764 1764[25] 1765[26] Baptist (no religious requirement for admissions)[nb 6] Yes
Queen's College
(Rutgers University)		 Province of New Jersey 1766 1766[28] 1771 (1774) Dutch Reformed No
Dartmouth College Province of New Hampshire 1769 1769[29] 1768 (1771)[nb 7] Puritan (Congregational) Yes

Other colonial-era foundations

Several other colleges and universities can be traced to colonial-era "academies" or "schools," but are not considered Colonial Colleges because they were not formally chartered as colleges with degree-granting powers until after the formation of the United States of America in 1776. Listed below are the founding dates of the schools which served as predecessor entities and the years in which they were chartered to operate an institution of higher learning.

Institution (present name, where different) Colony or state Founded Chartered Religious influence
King William's School, Annapolis
(absorbed by St. John's College when the latter was founded )		 Province of Maryland 1696 1784 Church of England
Kent County Free School
(absorbed by Washington College when the latter was founded)		 Province of Maryland 1723 1782 Non-sectarian
Bethlehem Female Seminary
(Moravian College)		 Province of Pennsylvania 1742 1863 Moravian Church
Free School
(University of Delaware)		 Delaware Colony 1743 1833 Non-sectarian
Augusta Academy
(Washington and Lee University)		 Colony and Dominion of Virginia 1749 1782 Presbyterian, but officially nonsectarian
College of Charleston Province of South Carolina 1770 1785 Church of England
Pittsburgh Academy
(University of Pittsburgh)
 Province/Commonwealth of Pennsylvania[nb 8] 1770?[30] 1787 Non-sectarian
Little Girls' School
(Salem College)		 Province of North Carolina 1772 1866 Moravian Church
Dickinson College Province of Pennsylvania 1773 1783 Presbyterian
Hampden–Sydney College Colony and Dominion of Virginia 1775 1783 Presbyterian

See also

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. May was referred to as the third month because the year began on March 25.
  4. ↑ [1] Archived February 20, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The first year of William and Mary's reign began on February 13, 1689 (N.S.).
  7. ↑ Hall, David D., Cultures of Print: Essays in the History of the Book, Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1996, p. 131
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Dexter, Franklin Bowditch, Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College: with annals of the college history, Holt, 1885, Volume 1, p.6, p.9, p.13. Nathaniel Chauncey, a Harvard BA Graduate, was awarded an honorary MA in 1702 (p. 9); John Hart was awarded a earned BA as "the first actual student in the College" (p. 13).
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ <Johnson, Samuel, Samuel Johnson, President of King's College; His Career and Writings, edited by Herbert and Carol Schneider, New York: Columbia University Press, 1929, Volume 4, p. 244 and p. 246 Nine students matriculated this year.
  13. ↑ A Brief History of Columbia, Columbia University. Referenced 05.10.2011
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. pp. 314–5, " "The Anglicans who founded the University of Pennsylvania, however, were evidently anxious not to alienate Philadelphia's Quakers, and they made their new college officially nonsectarian."
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Hoeveler, David J., Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, p. 192
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


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