Philip Barton Key
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Philip Barton Key | |
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Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 3rd district |
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In office March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1813 |
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Preceded by | Patrick Magruder |
Succeeded by | Alexander Hanson |
Chief Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit | |
In office February 20, 1801 – July 1, 1802 |
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Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit | |
In office February 20, 1801 – July 1, 1802 |
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Appointed by | John Adams |
Preceded by | Seat established |
Succeeded by | Seat abolished |
Member of the Maryland House of Delegates | |
In office 1794-1799 |
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Personal details | |
Born | Charlestown, Maryland, British America |
April 12, 1757
Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Washington, D.C., U.S. |
Political party | Federalist |
Spouse(s) | Ann Plater Key |
Children | Philip Barton Key, Jr. |
Alma mater | Middle Temple |
Philip Barton Key, Sr. (April 12, 1757 – July 28, 1815), was a Representative from the third district of Maryland, and later a United States federal judge. Unusually for a politician in the early United States, Key had been a Loyalist in the American Revolution.
Born in Charlestown. Cecil County, Maryland, Key pursued an academic course. During the War of Independence he served in the Maryland Loyalists Battalion as a captain.[1] He fought with the British Army from 1777 to 1781, until he was captured by the Spanish in Pensacola, Florida with the rest of his battalion. He was kept as prisoner for a month in Havana, Cuba, before being paroled and sent to New York City until the end of the war.
After the war Key traveled to England to study law at the Middle Temple. In 1785 he returned to Maryland and read law to be admitted to the bar. He began practicing law in Leonardtown, Maryland in 1787, before moving to Annapolis in 1790, becoming a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1794 until 1799. He served as Mayor of Annapolis from 1797 to 1798. He returned briefly to private practice in Annapolis from 1799 to 1800.
On February 18, 1801, Key was nominated by President John Adams to a new seat on the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit, created by 2 Stat. 89. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day. He served as chief judge of that court from 1801-1802. Key's service was terminated on July 1, 1802, with the abolition of the court.
Key then returned to private practice, from 1802 to 1807. He was a Counsel to Justice Samuel Chase during Chase's Senate impeachment trial in 1805. During this time he built and lived in Woodley Mansion in Washington, DC.
In the fall of 1806 Key moved to Montgomery County, Maryland and became interested in agriculture. Between March 4, 1807 and March 3, 1813, he was elected as a Federalist to the Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth U.S. Congresses. He also served as chairman for the Committee on District of Columbia during the Tenth Congress.
Key died in Washington County, D.C., and was interred on his estate, known as "Woodley". Later, he was re-interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
See also
- Philip Key (U.S. politician), Key's cousin.
- Philip Barton Key, Jr., Key's son.
- Francis Scott Key, Key's nephew.
- Philip Barton Key II, Key's great-nephew.
- John Eager Howard, father-in-law of Key's daughter.
- George Plater, father-in-law.
References
- ↑ Conway Whittle Sams, Elihu Samuel Riley, The Bench and Bar of Maryland: A History 1634 to 1901 (1901), p. 292.
- Philip Barton Key at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Philip Barton Key at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- Purcell, L. Edward. Who Was Who in the American Revolution. New York: Facts on File, 1993. ISBN 0-8160-2107-4.
Political offices | ||
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Preceded by | Mayor of Annapolis 1797–1798 |
Succeeded by Nicholas Carroll |
Legal offices | ||
New office | Chief Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit 1801–1802 |
Position abolished |
New seat | Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit 1801–1802 |
Seat abolished |
United States House of Representatives | ||
Preceded by | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 3rd congressional district 1807–1813 |
Succeeded by Alexander Hanson |
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
- 1757 births
- 1815 deaths
- American Loyalists from Maryland
- American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Spain
- Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery
- Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives
- Judges of the United States circuit courts
- Key family of Maryland
- Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
- Mayors of Annapolis, Maryland
- Maryland Federalists
- Members of the Maryland House of Delegates
- Members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland
- People from Cecil County, Maryland
- People of Maryland in the American Revolution
- United States federal judges appointed by John Adams