William Hood Simpson

William Hood Simpson
Simpson on the cover of Life (March 12, 1945)
Born	(1888-05-18)May 18, 1888 Weatherford, Texas
Died	San Antonio, Texas
Buried	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1909–1946
Rank	General
Commands held	Fourth United States Army XII Corps Ninth United States Army Second United States Army 30th Infantry Division 35th Infantry Division
Battles/wars	Moro Rebellion Mexican Expedition World War I Battle of Saint-Mihiel Meuse-Argonne Offensive World War II Battle of Aachen Operation Plunder Operation Varsity Operation Veritable
Awards	Army Distinguished Service Medal (2) Silver Star Legion of Merit Légion d'honneur (France) Croix de guerre (France)

General William Hood Simpson KBE (May 18, 1888 – August 15, 1980) was a distinguished U.S. Army officer who is most notable for commanding the Ninth United States Army in northern Europe during World War II.

Life and career

William Simpson was born May 18, 1888, at Weatherford, Texas.

After graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1909, he was commissioned into the infantry. Before U.S. involvement in World War I, Simpson served in the U.S. and in the Philippines, including the Pancho Villa Expedition, in 1916.

He was promoted to Captain in May 1917 and served with the 33rd Division throughout World War I, receiving temporary promotions to Major and Lieutenant Colonel and becoming divisional Chief-of-Staff.

In the inter-war years, 1919–1941, Simpson filled staff appointments and attended military schools, both as student and as instructor. From 1932 to 1936, he served as the Professor of Military Science at Pomona College in Claremont, California. From April to September 1941 he was the first commander of the country's largest Infantry Replacement Training Center, Camp Wolters, locate in Mineral Wells, Texas.

In mid-1940, he was appointed to command the Ninth Infantry at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Before U.S. entry into World War II, he had commanded divisions and received a promotion to temporary Major-General, taking the 35th Division from Camp Robinson, Arkansas, to a training site in California.

General Simpson (seated far left) with Army and AAF commanders in SHAEF (1945)

Further promotions followed and in May 1944, as a Lieutenant General, Simpson took his staff to Britain to organize the Ninth United States Army. This formation was activated as part of Omar Bradley's Twelfth United States Army Group, on September 5 at Brest, France. Brest was liberated September 20, 1944.

The Ninth Army joined the general advance and, after a month in the Ardennes the Ninth was moved further north. In November 1944 it broke through the Siegfried Line and advanced, in some of the heaviest fighting of the war, to the Roer River. At this point the advance stalled, due to the threat posed by dams upstream.

After the Battle of the Bulge, the Ninth Army remained with Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group for the final attack into Germany.

As part of Operation Plunder, the Rhine was crossed on March 24, 1945, north of the Ruhr industrial area and on April 19 the Ninth Army made contact with Courtney Hodges' First United States Army, making a complete encirclement of the Ruhr. On April 4, it had reverted to Bradley's 12th Army Group.

The Ninth was the first American Army across the Elbe, on April 12, 1945.

Simpson returned to the U.S. in June 1945.

He next undertook a mission to China in July and subsequently commanded the Second United States Army at Memphis, Tennessee.

He retired in November 1946 and on July 19, 1954, he was promoted to General on the retired list by special Act of Congress (Public Law 83-508).

General William Hood Simpson died at his longtime residence, The Menger Hotel, in downtown San Antonio, Texas, on Friday, August 15, 1980, and was later buried alongside his wife in Arlington National Cemetery.

Military decorations

	Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster
	Silver Star
	Legion of Merit
	Philippine Campaign Medal
	Mexican Service Medal
	World War I Victory Medal with two battle clasps
	Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
	American Defense Service Medal
	American Campaign Medal
	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
	European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with four bronze service stars
	World War II Victory Medal
	Légion d'honneur (Knight) (France)
	Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)
	Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (United Kingdom)

External links

• European Center of Military History (AAR 171ECB/XIIIC/9A Crossing at Linnich Germany
• Simpson's biography from the Arlington National Cemetery's website
• Photos of William Hood Simpson, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• Interviews with William Hood Simpson, June 30, 1976, July 7, 1976, University of Texas at San Antonio: Institute of Texan Cultures: Oral History Collection, UA 15.01, University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries Special Collections

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Heinrich Himmler	Cover of Time Magazine February 19, 1945	Succeeded by Chester Nimitz