List of consorts of rulers of China

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Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang

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Empress Xiaozhaoren

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Empress Xiaoyichun

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Empress Xiaoshencheng

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Empress Xiaoquancheng

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Empress Dowager Ci'an

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Empress Dowager Cixi

The following is a list of consorts of rulers of China. This is a list of the consorts of Chinese monarchs. China has periodically parted in kingdoms as well as united in empires, and there has been consorts with the title Queen as well as Empress. The title Empress could also be given posthumously. Note that this is a list for the main consort of the monarch and holder of the title Empress or Queen.

Empress Consorts

The title of Empress could also be given posthumously. The posthumous Empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.

Zhou Dynasty

1099 BC – 1050 BC : Queen Taisi, consort to King Wen of Zhou
1046–1043 BC : Queen Yi Jiang, consort of King Wu of Zhou
827–782 BC : Queen Qiang, consort of King Xuan of Zhou
782–772 BC : Queen Shen, consort of King You of Zhou

Three Kingdoms Period

Cao Wei Dynasty

222–226 : Empress Guo Nüwang
227–237 : Empress Mao (Ming)
238–239 : Empress Guo (Cao Rui's wife)
243–251 : Empress Zhen (Cao Fang)
252–254 : Empress Zhang (Cao Fang)
254 : Empress Wang (Cao Fang)
255–260 : Empress Bian (Cao Mao's wife)
263–265 : Empress Bian (Cao Huan's wife)

Shu Han Dynasty

221–223 : Empress Wu (Zhaolie)
223–237 : Empress Zhang (Liu Shan's first wife)
238–263 : Empress Zhang (Liu Shan's second wife)

Eastern Wu Dynasty

251–252 : Empress Pan
252–258 : Empress Quan Huijie
262–264 : Empress Zhu
264–280 : Empress Teng Fanglan

Jin Dynasty

265–274 : Empress Yang Yan
276–290 : Empress Yang Zhi
290–300 : Empress Jia Nanfeng
300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307 : Yang Xianrong
307–311 : Empress Liang Lanbi
323–326 : Empress Yu Wenjun
336–341 : Empress Du
342–344 : Empress Chu Suanzi
357–361 : Empress He Fani
361–365 : Empress Wang Muzhi
365–366 : Empress Yu Daolian
375–380 : Empress Wang Fahui
396–403, 404–412 : Empress Wang Shen'ai
419–420 : Chu Lingyuan

Huan Chu Dynasty

403–404 : Empress Liu (Huan Xuan's wife)

Sixteen Kingdoms

Cheng Han

315–334 : Empress Ren
334–338? : Empress Yan
338–343 : Empress Yan
343–347 ? : Empress Li

Former Zhao

304–? : Empress Huyan
310 : Empress Dan
310–312 : Empress Huyan
313 : Empress Zhang
313–314 : Empress Liu
315–318 : Empress Jin Yueguang
315–318 : Left Empress Liu
315–318 : Empress Jin Yuehua
316–318 : Upper Empress Fan
318 : Left Empress Wang
318 : Middle Empress Xuan
318 : Empress Jin
319–322 : Empress Yang
325–326 : Empress Liu
326–329 ? : Empress Liu

Later Zhao

330–333 : Empress Liu
337 : Empress Zheng
337–348 : Empress Du
348–349 : Empress Liu
349 : Empress Zhang

Ran Wei

350–352 : Empress Dong

Former Liang

324?-346 : Princess Yan
346?-354 : Princess Pei
354–355 ? : Empress Xin

Later Liang

389–400 : Princess Shi
400–401 : Empress Yang
401–403 ? : Empress Yang

Western Liang

Princess Yin

Northern Liang

401–433 : Princess Meng
433?-437 : Princess Li
437–439 : Princess Tuoba

Southern Liang

408–414? : Queen Zhejue

Former Qin

351–355 : Empress Qiang
355 : Empress Liang
357–385 : Empress Gou
385–386 : Empress Yang
387–389 : Empress Mao
392–393 : Empress Li

Later Qin

386–394 : Empress She
402–? : Empress Zhang
412–? : Empress Qi
416–417 : Yao Hong's empress

Western Qin

388–394,394–400,409–412 : Queen Bian
394 : Queen Fu
414–423 : Queen Tufa
429–431? : Queen Liang

Former Yan

337–348? : Princess Duan
348?–360 : Empress Kezuhun
369–370 : Empress Kezuhun

Later Yan

388–396 : Empress Duan
396–398 : Empress Duan
404–407 : Empress Fu
407–409 : Empress Li

Northern Yan

409–? : Princess Sun
430–? : Princess Murong

Southern Yan

398–405 : Empress Duan
408–410 : Empress Huyan

Xia

407–425 : Empress Kezuhun
425–427 : Helian Chang's empress

Northern and Southern dynasties

Liu Song Dynasty

Southern Qi Dynasty

493–494 : He Jingying
494 : Wang Shaoming
498–501 : Chu Lingqu
501–502 : Wang Shunhua

Northern Wei

400–409 : Empress Murong
432–452 : Empress Helian
456–465 : Empress Feng (Wencheng)
493–497 : Empress Feng Qing
497–499 : Empress Feng Run
501–507 : Empress Yu (Northern Wei)
508–515 : Empress Gao (Xuanwu)
5??–528 : Empress Hu (Yuan Xu's wife)
528–530 : Empress Erzhu Ying'e
530–531 : Empress Erzhu (Yuan Ye's wife)
532 : Empress Erzhu (Yuan Gong's wife)
533–534 : Empress Gao (Xiaowu)

Western Wei

535–538 : Empress Yifu
538–540 : Empress Yujiulü
553–554 : Empress Yuwen
554–556 : Empress Ruogan

Eastern Wei

539–550 : Empress Gao (Xiaojing)

Northern Qi

550–559 : Empress Li Zu'e
560–561 : Empress Yuan (Northern Qi)
561–565 : Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Qi)
565–572 : Empress Hulü
572–573 : Empress Hu (Gao Wei's wife)
572–577 : Empress Mu

Liang Dynasty

551 : Empress Zhang (Liang dynasty)
560–561 : Empress Wang (Xiao Cha)

Northern Zhou

557–557 : Empress Yuan Humo
568–568 : Queen Dugu
568–578 : Empress Ashina
578–579 : Yang Lihua
579–580 : Empress Sima Lingji

Sui Dynasty

581–602 : Empress Dugu, empress to Emperor Wen of Sui
605–618 : Empress Xiao, empress to Emperor Yang of Sui

Tang Dynasty

626–636 : Empress Zhangsun, empress to Emperor Taizong of Tang
650–655 : Empress Wang (Gaozong), first empress to Emperor Gaozong of Tang
655–684 : Wu Zetian, second empress to Emperor Gaozong of Tang, later also an empress regnant
684–684 : Empress Wei, empress to Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
684–690 : Empress Liu, empress to Emperor Ruizong of Tang
705–710 : Empress Wei (second time), empress to Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
710–710 : Empress Lu, empress to Emperor Shang of Tang
712–724 : Empress Wang (Xuanzong), empress to Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
758–762 : Empress Zhang, empress to Emperor Suzong of Tang
786–786 : Empress Wang (Dezong), empress to Emperor Dezong of Tang
898–900 : Empress He, empress to Emperor Zhaozong of Tang
901–904 : Empress He (second time), empress to Emperor Zhaozong of Tang

Qin

Empress Ju (Xue Ju's wife)

Dingyang

Empress Ju (Liu Wuzhou's wife)

Xia

Empress Cao (Dou Jiande's wife)

Yan

Qi

Empress Cao (Huang Chao's wife)

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Qi

907–924 : Empress Liu, empress to Li Maozhen

Former Shu

908–918 : Empress Zhou, empress to Wang Jian
918–921 : Empress Gao, first empress to Wang Yan
921–926 : Empress Jin Feishan, second empress to Wang Yan

Yan

911–913 : Empress Li and Empress Zhu, empresses to Liu Shouguang

Later Liang

912–913 : Empress Zhang, empress to Zhu Yougui

Southern Han

919–935 : Empress Ma, empress to Liu Yan

Later Tang

924–926 : Empress Liu, empress to Li Cunxu
930–933 : Empress Cao, empress to Li Siyuan
934–934 : Empress Kong, empress to Li Conghou
934–936 : Empress Liu, empress to Li Congke

Wu

933–937 : Empress Wang, empress to Yang Pu

Min

935–935 : Empress Chen Jinfeng, empress to Wang Yanjun
936–939 : Empress Li Chunyan, empress to Wang Jipeng
942–944 : Empress Li, empress to Wang Yanxi

Southern Tang

937–943 : Empress Song, empress to Li Bian
943–961 : Empress Zhong, empress to Li Jing
961–965 : Queen Zhou the Elder, first queen to Li Yu
968–975 : Queen Zhou the Younger, second queen to Li Yu

Later Jin

941–942 : Empress Li, empress to Shi Jingtang
943–946 : Empress Feng, empress to Shi Chonggui

Yin

943 – ? : Empress Zhang, empress to Wang Yanzheng

Later Han

947–948 : Empress Li, empress to Liu Zhiyuan

Later Zhou

954–956 : Empress Fu the Elder, first empress to Chai Rong
959–959 : Empress Fu the Younger, second empress to Chai Rong

Northern Han

? – 968 : Empress Guo, empress to Liu Jun
968 – ? : Empress Ma, empress to Liu Jiyuan

Song Dynasty

960–963 : Empress Wang, first empress to Emperor Taizu of Song
968–976 : Empress Song, second empress to Emperor Taizu of Song
984–997 : Empress Li, empress to Emperor Taizong of Song
997–1007 : Empress Guo, first empress to Emperor Zhenzong of Song
1012–1022 : Empress Liu, second empress to Emperor Zhenzong of Song
1024–1033 : Empress Guo, first empress to Emperor Renzong of Song
1034–1063 : Empress Cao, second empress to Emperor Renzong of Song
1065–1067 : Empress Gao, empress to Emperor Yingzong of Song
1068–1085 : Empress Xiang, empress to Emperor Shenzong of Song
1092–1096 : Empress Meng, first empress to Emperor Zhezong of Song
1099–1100 : Empress Liu, second empress to Emperor Zhezong of Song
1100–1108 : Empress Wang, first empress to Emperor Huizong of Song
1111–1126 : Empress Zheng, second empress to Emperor Huizong of Song
1126–1127 : Empress Zhu, empress to Emperor Qinzong of Song
1127–1139 : Empress Xing, first empress to Emperor Gaozong of Song
1143–1162 : Empress Wu, second empress to Emperor Gaozong of Song
1162–1167 : Empress Xia, first empress to Emperor Xiaozong of Song
1167–1189 : Empress Xie, second empress to Emperor Xiaozong of Song
1189–1194 : Empress Li Fengniang, empress to Emperor Guangzong of Song
1194–1200 : Empress Han, first empress to Emperor Ningzong of Song
1200–1224 : Empress Yang, second empress to Emperor Ningzong of Song
1227–1264 : Empress Xie Daoqing, empress to Emperor Lizong of Song
1267–1274 : Empress Quan, empress to Emperor Duzong of Song

Yuan Dynasty

1260–1281 : Chabi, first empress to Kublai Khan
1283–1294 : Nambui, second empress to Kublai Khan
1295–1307 : Bulugan, empress to Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan
1310–1311 : Zhenge, empress to Külüg Khan, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan
1313–1320 : Radnashiri, empress to Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Emperor Renzong of Yuan
1321–1323 : Sugabala, empress to Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong of Yuan
1324–1328 : Babukhan Khatun, empress to Yesün Temür Khan, Emperor Taiding of Yuan
1328–1329 : Budashiri, empress to Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan
1329–1329 : Babusha, empress to Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan
1329–1332 : Budashiri (second time), empress to Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan
1332–1332 : Daliyetemishi, empress to Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan
1333–1335 : Danashri, first empress to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan
1337–1365 : Bayan Khutugh, second empress to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan
1340–1370 : Empress Gi, third empress to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan

Ming Dynasty

1368–1382 : Empress Ma, empress to the Hongwu Emperor
1399–1402 : Empress Ma, empress to the Jianwen Emperor
1402–1407 : Empress Xu, empress to the Yongle Emperor
1424–1425 : Empress Zhang, empress to the Hongxi Emperor
1425–1428 : Empress Hu Shanxiang, first empress to the Xuande Emperor
1428–1435 : Empress Sun, second empress to the Xuande Emperor
1442–1449 : Empress Qian, empress to the Zhengtong Emperor
1449–1452 : Empress Wang, first empress to the Jingtai Emperor
1452–1456 : Empress Hang, second empress to the Jingtai Emperor
1457–1464 : Empress Qian (second time), empress to the Tianshun Emperor (Zhengtong Emperor)
1464–1464 : Empress Wu, first empress to the Chenghua Emperor
1464–1487 : Empress Wang, second empress to the Chenghua Emperor
1487–1505 : Empress Zhang, empress to the Hongzhi Emperor
1506–1521 : Empress Xia, empress to the Zhengde Emperor
1522–1528 : Empress Chen, first empress to the Jiajing Emperor
1528–1534 : Empress Zhang, second empress to the Jiajing Emperor
1534–1547 : Empress Fang, third empress to the Jiajing Emperor
1566–1572 : Empress Chen, empress to the Longqing Emperor
1578–1620 : Empress Wang Xijie, empress to the Wanli Emperor
1621–1627 : Empress Zhang Baozhu, empress to the Tianqi Emperor
1628–1644 : Empress Zhou, empress to the Chongzhen Emperor

Southern Ming Dynasty

1645–1646 : Empress Zeng, empress to the Longwu Emperor
1646–1662 : Empress Wang, empress to the Yongli Emperor

Qing Dynasty

1651–1653 : Borjigit, Demoted Empress
1654–1661 : Empress Xiaohuizhang
1665–1674 : Empress Xiaochengren
1677–1678 : Empress Xiaozhaoren
1689–1689 : Empress Xiaoyiren
1722–1723 : Empress Xiaojingxian
1738–1748 : Empress Xiaoxianchun
1750–1765 : Ulanara, the Step Empress
1796–1797 : Empress Xiaoshurui
1801–1820 : Empress Xiaoherui
1822–1833 : Empress Xiaoshencheng
1833–1840 : Empress Xiaoquancheng
1852–1861 : Empress Zhen
1872–1875 : Empress Xiaozheyi
1889–1908 : Empress Longyu
1924–1946 : Wanrong, Empress Xiaokemin

Empress Dowagers

The title of Empress Dowager was not a title automatically given to a former Empress Consort and widow of an Emperor. The title Empress Dowager could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress Consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empress Dowagers, which in some cases equals the list of Empress Consorts, and in other cases not.

683–690 : Empress Dowager Wu
710 : Empress Dowager Wei
805–816 : Empress Dowager Wang
820–848 : Empress Dowager Guo
824–845 : Empress Dowager Wang
826–847 : Empress Dowager Xiao
846–865 : Empress Dowager Zheng
904–906 : Empress Dowager He

Song Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

1643–1649 : Empress Xiaoduanwen
1643–1688 : Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
1661–1663 : Empress Xiaokangzhang
1661–1718 : Empress Xiaohuizhang
1722–1723 : Empress Xiaogongren
1735–1777 : Empress Xiaoshengxian
1820–1850 : Empress Xiaoherui
1855 : Empress Xiaojingcheng
1861–1881 : Empress Dowager Ci'an
1861–1908 : Empress Dowager Cixi
1908–1913 : Empress Dowager Longyu

Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously

Sui Dynasty

581 : Empress Lü Gutao, mother of Emperor Wen of Sui

Song Dynasty

961 : Empress Dowager Du, mother of Emperor Taizu of Song and Emperor Taizong of Song
960 : Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu of Song
976 : Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong of Song
976 : Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong of Song
997 : Empress Li, mother of Emperor Zhenzong of Song
997 : Princess Pan, married to Emperor Zhenzong of Song
1033 : Consort Li, mother of Emperor Renzong of Song
1036 : Empress Yang, married to Emperor Zhenzong of Song
1054 : Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong of Song
1101 : Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong of Song
1102 : Empress Zhu, mother of Emperor Zhezong of Song
1113 : Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong of Song
1121 : Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong of Song
1159 : Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong of Song
1162 : Empress Chengmu, married to Emperor Xiaozong of Song

Yuan Dynasty

1336 : Mailaiti, mother to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan

Ming Dynasty and Southern Ming Dynasty

1504 : Empress Xiao Su, mother of Chenghua Emperor
1566 : Empress Xiao Ke, mother of Longqing Emperor
1566 : Empress Xiao Yi Zhuan, married to Longqing Emperor
1614 : Empress Xiao Ding, mother of Wanli Emperor
1620 : Empress Xiao Jing, mother of Taichang Emperor
1644 : Empress Xiao Zhe Jian
1644 : Empress Xiao Yi
1644 : Empress Xiao Xu

List of consorts of rulers of China

Contents

Empress Consorts

Empress Dowagers

Song Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously

Sui Dynasty

Song Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty and Southern Ming Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

See also

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