1994 in paleontology
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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1994.
Contents
Plants
Conifers
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil Yew Genus, type species D. torreyoides |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil Yew species |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil nutmeg yew species |
Angiosperms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil Kiwi species |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil dogwood species |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil hazelnut relative, Type species C. hancockii |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Magallón-Puebl |
Youngest Eucommia sp. in North America. |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil hazelnut relative, type species K. parvum |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil ginseng genus, type species P. oregonensis |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
Fossil Sumac species |
Arthropods
Newly named insects
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Baroni Urbani & De Andrade |
only fossil Acanthognathus ant |
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|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A ponerin ant |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A ponerin ant |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A ponerin ant |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A ponerin ant |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A ponerin ant |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
A ponerin ant |
Molluscs
Bivalves
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Elicki |
Zwetau Formation |
early Cambrian bivalve species |
Fishes
Newly named bony fishes
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
valid |
Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams |
Late Cretaceous (late Santonian to mid-Campanian) |
A giant latimeriid coelacanth.[8] The type species is Megalocoelacanthus dobiei. |
Archosauromorphs
- Aff. Rebbachisaurus gastroliths documented.[9]
- The "Talkeetna Mountains Hadrosaur" specimen was discovered in a quarry being excavated for road material.[10] The quarry is near the Glenn Highway, approximately 150 miles northeast of Anchorage.[11] That fall, excavation began, and was resumed in the summer of 1996.[10]
Newly named pseudosuchians
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galtonia[12] | Valid non-dinosaurian taxon |
|
|
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
An relative of Revueltosaurus. |
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| Pekinosaurus[12] | Junior synonym |
|
|
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
A junior synonym of Revueltosaurus. |
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Newly named basal dinosauromorphs
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marasuchus[13] | Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon |
|
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A basal dinosauriform; new genus for "Lagosuchus" liloensis Romer (1972). |
||||
Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[14]
| Name | Status | Authors | Notes | Images |
Skeletal mount Mymoorapelta on display in a museum.
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrovenator[15] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Alwalkeria[16] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Alxasaurus[17] | Valid taxon | |||||
| “Amphicoelicaudia” | nomen nudum later named Huabeisaurus |
|
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| Caenagnathasia[18] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Cryolophosaurus[19] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Koparion[20] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Monolophosaurus[21] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Mymoorapelta[22] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Pelecanimimus[23] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Phuwiangosaurus[24] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Sinornithoides[25] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Sinraptor[26] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Timimus[27] | Valid taxon | |||||
| “Tonouchisaurus” | nomen nudum | |||||
| Yingshanosaurus[28] | Valid taxon | |||||
Newly named birds
| Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Late Paleocene |
A Strigiformes, Sophiornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1987. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
probably Pleistocene |
Cave deposits |
A Strigidae. |
||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Cave deposits |
A Falconidae. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. The species is transferred to the genus Alopochen Stejneger, 1885 by Mourer-Chauviré, Bour, Ribes & Moutou, 1999. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Strigidae. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Middle Eocene |
A Psittaciformes, Messelasturidae G. Mayr, 2005, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Peat Swamp near Mining Lease |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Santonian-Coniacian, Rio Colorado Formation |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Not valid |
Sp. nov. |
An Ardeidae, this is a junior synonym of Nycticorax duboisi (Rothschild, 1907). |
||||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longirostravidae Zhou, 2006, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Paleocene |
|
An Anseriformes, Presbyornithidae Wetmore, 1926. |
||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Quaternary |
Cave Deposits, South Island |
|||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Holocene. (Subrecent) |
An Accipitridae. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
A Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Plesiosaurs
- Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.[41]
New taxa
| Name | Status | Authors | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid |
Chatterjee Creisler |
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Pterosaurs
New taxa
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid |
Frey Martill |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian/early Albian) |
A pteranodontoid pterosaur. |
||||
|
Valid |
Padian, K., Horner de Ricqlès, A.J. |
Late Cretaceous (Judithian) |
An azhdarchid. |
||||
|
nomen nudum |
Bakker |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) |
|||||
|
Valid |
Cai, Z. Wei, F. |
Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) |
An azhdarchid. |
||||
Other diapsids
New taxa
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lucianosaurus[12] | Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon |
|
|
Late Triassic (Norian) |
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| Tecovasaurus[12] | Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon |
|
|
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
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Footnotes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Calvo (1994). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Introduction," in Pasche and May (2001); page 220.
- ↑ "Location and Geologic Setting," in Pasche and May (2001); page 220.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Hunt, A.P. and S.G. Lucas. 1994. Ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of the United States. In: the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, Early Mesozoic Tetrapods (N.C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues, Eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK: pp. 227-241.
- ↑ Sereno, P.C. and A.B. Arcucci. 1994. Dinosaur precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis gen. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: pp. 53-73.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Sereno, P.C., J.A. Wilson, H.C.E. Larsson, D.B. Dutheil, H.-D. Sues. 1994. Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Sahara. Science 266 (14 October [5183]): pp. 267-271.
- ↑ Chatterjee, S. and B.S. Creisler. 1994. Alwalkeria (Theropoda) and Morturneria (Plesiosauria), new names for preoccupied Walkeria Chatterjee, 1987 and Turneria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: 142.
- ↑ Russell, D.A. and Z.-M. Dong. 1994. The affinities of a new theropod from the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30:pp. 2107-2127.
- ↑ Currie, P.J., S.J. Godfrey, and L. Nesov. 1993 [Olshevsky cites 1994]. New caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30: pp. 2255-2272.
- ↑ Hammer, W.R. and W.J. Hickerson. 1994. A Crested Theropod Dinosaur from Antarctica. Science. 264: pp. 828-830.
- ↑ Chure, D.J. 1994. Koparion douglassi, a new dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument; The oldest troodontid (Theropoda: Maniraptora). Brigham Young University Geology Studies 40: pp. 11-15.
- ↑ Zhao, X.J. and P.J. Currie, P.J. 1994 [not 1993]. A large crested theropod from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, China. Canadian. J. Earth Sci. 30: pp. 2027-2036.
- ↑ Kirkland, J.I. and K. Carpenter. 1994. North America’s First Pre-Cretaceous Ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Western Colorado. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 40: pp. 25-42.
- ↑ Perez-Moreno, B., J.L. Sanz, A.D. Buscalloni, J.J. Moratalla, F. Ortega, and D. Rasskin-Gutman. 1994. A unique multitoothed ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Nature 370: pp. 363-367.
- ↑ Martin, V. E. Buffetaut, and V. Suteethorn. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of north-eastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus l'Acad. Sci. Paris (II) 319 : pp. 1085-1092.
- ↑ Russell, D.A. and Z.-M Dong. 1993 [George Olshevsky cites 1994, not 1993]. A nearly complete skeleton of a new troodontid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30: pp. 2163-2173.
- ↑ Currie, P.J. and X.J. Zhao. 1994. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Can. J. Earth Sci., 30: pp. 2037-2081.
- ↑ Rich, T.H., and P. Vickers-Rich. 1994. Neoceratopsians and ornithomimosaurs: Dinosaurs of Gondwana origin. Res. Exploration 10: pp. 129-131.
- ↑ Zhou Songlin, 1994. Record of a fossil stegosaur from Yingshan in the Sichuan Basin. Sichuan Cultural Relics. 1994-S1: 8-14.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Martin (1994). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
- ↑ Padian, K., Ricqles, A. de J., and Horner, J. R., 1994, Bone histology determines identification of a new fossil taxon of pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria): Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l’Academie des Sciences Paris, tomo 320, serie 2, p. 77-84.
References
- Calvo,J.O. (1994). Gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs. Gaia, 10: 205-208.
- Martin, James E.; 1994; Gastric residues in marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale in South Dakota; their bearing on extinction; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology; 14(3, Suppl.) pp. 36; University of Oklahoma
- Pasch, A. D., K. C. May. 2001. Taphonomy and paleoenvironment of hadrosaur (Dinosauria) from the Matanuska Formation (Turonian) in South-Central Alaska. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Ed.s Tanke, D. H., Carpenter, K., Skrepnick, M. W. Indiana University Press. Pages 219-236.
- Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.
