2014 Iquique earthquake

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2014 Iquique earthquake
2014 Iquique earthquake is located in South America
Iquique
Iquique
Santiago
Santiago
2014 Iquique earthquake
Date 1 April 2014 (2014-04-01)
Origin time 20:46 CST (UTC-03:00)
Magnitude 8.2 Mw[1]
Depth 20.1 km (12.5 mi)[1]
Epicenter Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[1]
Areas affected Chile, Peru, Bolivia
Total damage 2,500 homes damaged
Max. intensity VIII (Severe)
Tsunami Yes
Casualties Chile: 6 dead [2][3][4]
Peru: 9 injured[5][6]

The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck off the coast of Chile on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.2, at 20:46 local time (23:46 UTC).[7][8] The epicenter of the earthquake was approximately 95 kilometres (59 mi) northwest of Iquique.[1] The mainshock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a M7.7 event on 3 April. The megathrust earthquake triggered a tsunami of up to 2.11 metres (6.9 ft) that hit Iquique at 21:05 local time (00:05 UTC, 2 April).[9] Similar-sized tsunamis were also reported to have hit the coasts of Pisagua and Arica.[10]

Geology

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See also: Peru–Chile Trench

A number of mid-sized quakes struck the same area in the preceding weeks. These quakes and the main tremor are associated with the boundary of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate.[1]

Earthquake

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See also: List of earthquakes in Chile

There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on March 16 with a magnitude of Mw 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.[11][12] The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of 200 km (120 mi) in length instead of the expected 600 km (370 mi) rupture.[13] The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.[14] The intensity reached intensity VIII (Severe) in Iquique, Chile.[15]

Effects

Four men died of heart attacks and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.[16] Around 80,000 were displaced by the event.[17] Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of Arica y Parinacota and Tarapacá.[18]

During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.[19]

File:2014 Iquique Earthquake ShakeMap.jpg
ShakeMap provided by the United States Geological Survey

According to the Peruvian emergency services, nine people were slightly injured, seven households have been affected, one temple has collapsed and electricity outages in the affected regions of Tacna, Moquegua and Arequipa occurred, which were restored later.[citation needed]

Aftershocks

There were several significant aftershocks above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.

Time (local) M Depth Epicenter
April 1 at 20:57:58 6.9 28.4 km (17.6 mi) 91 km (57 mi) WNW of Iquique [20]
April 2 at 22:58:30 6.5 24.1 km (15.0 mi) 46 km (29 mi) WSW of Iquique [21]
April 2 at 23:43:13 7.7 22.4 km (13.9 mi) 53 km (33 mi) SW of Iquique [22]
April 3 at 02:26:15 6.4 25 km (16 mi) 78 km (48 mi) SW of Iquique [23]
April 3 at 22:37:50 6.3 13.7 km (8.5 mi) 70 km (43 mi) SW of Iquique [24]

Associated events

Such large earthquakes can have effects far away other than tsunamis.[25] A megathrust quake can shake the entire earth, but causes stronger movement and strain on the entire associated oceanic plate, beyond the few hundred kilometer rupture zone. Though too far to be an aftershock, a 6.0 quake on a thin protruding wedge of the Nazca Plate (Iquique quake shoved this plate) was reported in off Panama within 12 hours of the main shock.[26]

Tsunamis

File:2014 Iquique earthquake NOAA tsunami travel time projection 2014-04-01.jpg
Travel time projection of the tsunami

Under advice from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, tsunami warnings were issued for the Latin American Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.[4][7][27] Chile was subsequently hit by a tsunami of 2.11 m in its northern territories.[9]

The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.[28] The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.[29][30] On April 3 local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.[31] The tsunami reached 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) high in Kuji, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.[32]

See also

References

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Further reading

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External links

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Tsunami Message Number 6, NWS Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, 1 April 2014
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ "La estrella de Iquique", 2 April 2014, page 5
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ "La estralla de Iquique", April 4, 2014, page 10
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.(subscription required)
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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