Aerial (skateboarding)

Aerials (or more commonly airs) are a type of skateboarding trick usually performed on half-pipes, pools or quarter pipes where there is a vertical wall with a transition (curved surface linking wall and ground) available. Aerials usually combine rotation with different grabs. Most of the different types of grabs were originally aerial tricks that were performed in ditches, empty pools, and vert ramps before flatground aerials became common. Aerials can be executed by ollieing just as the front wheels reach the lip of a ramp, or can be executed simply by lifting the front wheels over the coping (or lip). The former is preferable on shallower ramps where the skateboarder has less speed to lift them above the ramp.

Common aerial tricks

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

180	In general use, the term "180" is an aerial where the skater and board spin a half rotation. In common use, the term refers to an Ollie 180 performed on flat terrain, where the skater starts rolling forward, Ollies, turns a half rotation, and lands backwards. The same trick can be done on a bank, transition, or vert wall, but the difference is that the skater lands forwards. This is usually called a Frontside Ollie or Backside Ollie depending on the direction of rotation. A 180 can also be done starting from fakie, but in that case it is called a half-Cab.
360	An air where the rider and board spin one full rotation. Can be performed almost anywhere whether it be on vert or street. On vert, this is most commonly performed from fakie so that the rider completes the 360 facing forward. Jeff Phillips was one of the first skaters to perform this while landing fakie (usually doing a lien grab).
540	A 540 is an aerial where skater and board spin one and a half rotations in midair. They were first performed on vertical ramps and quickly became a staple of vertical skateboarding at the professional level, but they have also been performed on box jumps, pyramids, down stairs, and even on mini-halfpipes. In the early 80s, Billy Ruff invented the Unit, the precursor to the modern 540. He'd early-grab the front rail and twist frontside, briefly putting his other hand down on the transition in order to push off the wall, which made it easier to get the whole spin. Because he had to put his hand down, the Unit was always done below the coping. In 1984 Tony Hawk took it to the next level when he invented the Frontside 540 (the inverted version of which is now known as the "Rodeo Flip"). But soon after, for some reason he lost the trick, and it didn't gain any sort of popularity until much later. In 1984, Mike McGill, then a pro skater for Powell, invented the McTwist, which is easily the most popular 540 variation ever (see below). A flood of variations soon followed, including almost every conceivable grab while spinning either direction, no grabs at all (Ollie 540), as well as versions combined with a Varial, Kickflip, or Heelflip.
720	The 720, two full mid-air rotations, is one of the rarest tricks in skateboarding. It was first done by Tony Hawk in 1985, and it wasn't something he planned to do. He accidentally over-rotated a Gay Twist and Lance Mountain suggested that he might be able to spin twice. After less than an hour, he landed it and has done it consistently ever since. Like a Gay Twist, 720s are usually done from fakie grabbing Mute, but there have been a few different variations. Besides inventing the stock 720, Hawk also was the first to do Stalefish and Varial variations. Danny Way was the first to do indy 720s. Colin McKay and Jake Brown have both done Tailgrab 720s. Shaun White and Mitchie Brusco do a Backside Grab 720 consistently, and Matt Dove landed a spectacular pop shuv-it indy 720 at the 2001 X-Games. Bucky Lasek has landed an indy grab forward to fakie backside variation, while Mike Callahan, a former pro from Chicago, has been known to do a frontside unit 720 variation.
900	The rider spins 900 degrees backside in the air, usually while grabbing Mute. It is arguably the most widely covered trick in the history of skateboarding, as Tony Hawk landed it for the first time at the 1999 X-Games following the best trick competition. The celebration on the ramp quickly snowballed into newspaper and television coverage which helped make Tony Hawk a household name. Five years later, Giorgio Zattoni and Sandro Dias both landed their first 900s within a week of each other. Since then, Alex Perlson landed it at the 2008 Maloof Money Cup, then Mitchie Brusco completed it at X Games 17 Mega Ramp Practice.
1080	The skater spins 1,080 degrees (3 full rotations) backside or frontside in the air. The trick was long considered to be impossible. However, on March 30, 2012, 12-year-old American, Tom Schaar, landed it on the Woodward California Mega Ramp in five tries. Schaar rode in fakie turned backside and grabbed mute to complete the required three rotations. Riding fakie allowed Schaar to land forward after completing the three rotations. Jono Schwan also accomplished the manoeuvre. Mitchie Brusco later completed the trick for the first time in competition at the X-Games in Barcelona in May 2013.
Airwalk	A no-footed Backside Air where the front hand grabs the nose. Usually the front foot is kicked off the toe-side of the board, while the back foot is kicked off the heel-side, producing the impression of walking in the air, hence the name. Rodney Mullen did it on the flat ground first, while Tony Hawk was the first to do it on vert.
Backflip	The Backflip is an aerial where the rider and his board complete a full rotation on the lateral axis. If the trick is done by launching out of the ramp, the skater lands forwards. If it is done on the wall of a vert ramp, the skater lands backwards, adding significantly to the difficulty and danger involved. It was first done in 1997 by Rob "Sluggo" Boyce, because he "had seen BMX bikers, rollerbladers, and snowboarders do Backflips, and thought it was about time a skateboarder did one." He first learned to do it in a gymnasium by launching off a ramp and landing in a foam pit. Once he was comfortable with the technique, he learned to do it on a vert ramp. Despite the trick's appearance in many skateboarding video games, the real trick is still more legendary than commonplace.
Frontflip	The Frontflip is a backflip except you flip towards the front foot.
Backside Air	A Backside Air is performed by riding up the transition, grabbing the board on the heel side with the front hand, lifting off, turning backside (toward the skater's toes) and landing forward. It is considered a basic staple of vertical skateboarding. Some skaters grab the board between the trucks, while others grab the nose.
Benihana	A one-footed tail grab, taking the back foot off and kicking straight down or sideways in a backwards direction. The idea is to take the back foot off and use the front foot to kick the board out ahead of you, and then catch the board by the tail and put it back under your feet. Invented by Lester Kasai.
Body Jar	A Backside Air grabbing the nose where the rider smacks the tail of the board on the coping on the way in.
Caballerial	A 360 backside ollie from fakie. Invented by Steve Caballero.
Cannonball	An aerial where the rider grabs the nose with the front hand and the tail with the back hand.
Christ Air	An air where the board is grabbed in one hand, and the body is in a "crucifix"-like position. Originally invented by Christian Hosoi. Usually performed backside (as invented by Bissnauth Samoru), but occasionally done frontside as well, or even a frontside finger-flip variation as performed by Monty Nolder.
Del Mar Indy	A Tuck-Knee Indy where the skater tweaks it back behind his back pointing his knees down. Similar to a Japan Air
Frontside Air	Likely the first aerial to be done on a skateboard, as it is one of the easiest to learn. It involves going up the transition, grabbing the board on the toe side between the feet with the trailing hand, lifting off, and turning frontside (toward the skater's back) and then landing and riding down the ramp. It is a matter of dispute who did the first Frontside Air, but Tony Alva is widely credited with popularizing it. In the first few years of doing this trick, all skaters grabbed the board before lifting off (known as an "early grab"). Eventually, it became common practice to Ollie first, then grab the board. However, Ollieing in is much more difficult, and so it is still common to see skateboarders perform the trick early-grab style.
Gay Twist	A Fakie Mute 360. Basically, it is a Caballerial with a Mute grab. It got named a "Gay Twist" because Lance Mountain (who invented it) thought grabbing the board was a "gay" substitute for the original, grab-less, Caballerial. Most skaters do consider this trick to be easier. Like the Caballerial, the Gay Twist has spawned numerous variations over the years. Some found it easier to grab backside instead of Mute, which they called a "Lez Twist." Other notable offspring of the Gay Twist include the Frontside Gay Twist, Kickflip and Heelflip Gay Twists, Varial Gay Twist, and the 720.
Helipop	This is more of a freestyle or street skating trick than most other aerials. It is essentially the same thing as a Caballerial, but instead of doing a 360 fakie, it is a 360 Nollie. This was invented by Rodney Mullen and has been done both backside or frontside.
Indy	The Indy is done by grabbing the toe-side rail with your back hand while doing a backside air. Invented by Duane Peters, who was riding for the Independent Truck Company at the time, hence the name Indy.
Grosman Grab	In this trick the rider reaches their front hand down between their legs and grabs the heelside edge of the board. Much like a Roastbeef, but using the front hand instead.
Japan Air	Essentially a Mute Air where the skater pulls the board up behind his back and knees pointed down for added style.
Judo Air	A Backside air where the skater takes his front foot off the board and kicks it forward and pulls the board backwards while the back foot is still on the board. The name of the trick stems from the appearance that the skater is doing a martial-arts-style kick in mid air even though competitive Judo forbids the use of kicks.
Lien Air	Another of the basic airs. It is a frontside air grabbing the nose or heel edge with your front hand (leading hand). Neil Blender named the Lien Air. Lien is Niel spelled backwards.
Madonna	A one-footed lien to tail, where the front foot is taken off and kicked out straight down (behind the board), invented by Tony Hawk.
McTwist	The McTwist is an aerial where the rider performs an inverted backside 540 (usually while grabbing Mute - front hand grabbing the toe side of the board). Invented by Mike McGill, who first performed it on a wooden half-pipe in Sweden in 1984.
Melancholy/Melon	A Backside Air where the skater grabs the board on the heel edge between the feet with their front hand and tweaks the board as forward as possible for added style.
Method Air	Another Backside Air variation where the skater straightens his hips and bends his knees so that the board goes up behind his back.
Mute Air	Performed by riding up the transition and grabbing with the front hand on the toe side of the board between the feet, turning backside, and landing. It is the same grab as a slob air, but turning the opposite direction. The mute air was invented by Chris Weddle, and was so named because he was deaf from birth.
No Comply	The No Comply is an alternate method of getting air. The rider pops the tail of the board, planting the front foot in the ground simultaneously. They then launch off their 'planted' foot while catching the board with the inside of the back leg, getting the front foot back on board for landing. There are many variations include the Frontside Pop Shove-It No Comply, the No Comply up a curb, the No Comply 360, etc. All can be done by altering the backfoot position and how much pop and spin you put on your board.
Nosegrab	The Nosegrab is similar to the Tailgrab, however, instead of grabbing the tail (back) of the board, you grab the nose (front). The rider ollies, pops back foot off board and grabs the nose (front) of the skateboard. Once the rider lets go, the rider must set his/her back foot back down over the back bolts and his/her front foot over the front bolts.
Roastbeef	Performed similar to a Stalefish, however the skater grabs the heel-edge of the board with his or her trailing hand in-between the legs, rather than wrapping the arm behind. Invented by Jeff Grosso, it is much simpler to execute than a Stalefish, and is sometimes referred to as the "poor-man's stalefish."
Rocket Air	An air where the skateboarder grabs the nose of the skateboard with both hands and at the same time places both feet on the tail. Invented by Christian Hosoi.
Sack tap	A sack tap is when the skater flies into the air off a ramp, grabs his board in mid-air with both hands and taps his testicles then puts the board back under his feet and lands on the ground. Invented by Tony Hawk.
Saran Wrap	Taken from a freestyle trick invented by Rodney Mullen, this air is performed by grabbing backside with the front hand and then kicking or "wrapping" the front leg forward then in a circular motion around the nose of the board. Once the leg has wrapped at least 180 around the board, the back hand grabs like a frontside air while the back hand is released and the front foot is placed back on the board.
Sean Penn	The Sean Penn is similar to a Madonna except the skateboarder turns backside instead of frontside, usually kicking the front foot up and off the toe side of the board before hitting the tail on the coping. It was named because Sean Penn was married to Madonna for a while, and thus was the opposite of Madonna. Possibly invented by Mark Rogowski, who popularized the trick.
Slob-Air	Performed by riding up the transition grabbing with your leading hand on the toe side of the board between the feet, launching off the coping turning frontside, and landing. The Layback air—which has a similar "grab"— preceded the slob-air by a number of years. While Slob-Airs, Slob-Bonelesses and Fastplants, Slob-Airs were common in the 1980s and are still staples of transition skateboarding, nearer to the present, Tony Hawk made a Heelflip Slob Air and Lincoln Ueda landed a Slob 540.
Stalefish	One of the more difficult aerial variations. A Stalefish is a heel-side grab with your back hand reaching around your back leg, meaning it is not only awkward to reach, but necessitates that you grab quite late in your air. As for the name, it came from a camper at a Swedish skate camp where Tony Hawk was practicing. One day Tony landed the first Stalefish but didn't have a name for it yet. During dinner, the only thing they had to eat at the camp was canned fish. The dinner apparently was not too appetizing to Tony, who called it "stale fish." The camper he was with misunderstood and assumed he was naming his new trick, and it stuck.
Stiffy	A more sophisticated grab trick,the stiffy,is very close to the Indy grab,being a variant. In the stiffy,the skater is in the same position as an indy,except the rider is at a 90° angle and is shaking the board with their trailing hand. This trick requires lots of air.
Tailgrab	The skater pops either side of the board, reaches behind, and grabs the tail with his/her hand. Generally considered one of the hardest of the basic aerials to do, since grabbing the tail adds little stability and tends to want to make the front foot come off the board.
Varial	Originally a Varial was a Frontside Air where the skater reached between the legs and grabbed the board on the heel edge with the back hand (now known as a Roastbeef grab), then turned the board 180 degrees frontside with the hand before putting it back on the feet and landing. Like all Frontside Airs at the time, they were performed without an Ollie (early-grab). This version, however, is not very common anymore. Tony Hawk invented the Backside Varial in 1980, adding an Ollie in the process. Before long, 360 Varials, where the skater turns the board 360 degrees backside and grabs it, became commonplace. After the invention of the Kickflip Indy, most professional vert skaters had to be able to perform one to win a contest, and soon they were looking for ways to increase the difficulty. One of the ways was to spin the board 180 degrees during the Kickflip, which ended up being called a Varial Kickflip Indy. Somehow the term filtered back into street skating and it became common for a Kickflip combined with a Pop Shove it (180 spin of the board) to be called a Varial Kickflip. Some have even gone so far as to drop the "kickflip" from the name altogether, calling a Kickflip Shove-it a "Varial." However, vertical skateboarders still use the term Varial to describe any trick involving spinning the board and grabbing it.