Battle of Grudziądz (1659)
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
The 1659 Battle of Grudziądz took place in the Polish town of Grudziądz (German: Graudenz) during the Swedish Deluge (Polish: Potop szwedzki),[1] around 29–30 August 1659.[2] Polish forces were commanded either by hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski or general Krzysztof Grodzicki (sources vary). The battle ended with the Polish victory, after a week-long siege; however much of the city was destroyed in a fire.
Background
Swedes had taken Grudziądz on December 13, 1655,[3] after their failed attempt at conquering Denmark followed by the subsequent march along the Baltic coast.[4] The Swedish troops of King Charles X,[5] went on to build additional fortifications in the town, which were later inspected by the king himself, on his tour of the south coast of the Baltic sea.[6] Polish hetman Stefan Czarniecki – Field Hetman of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom – arrived in Pomorze at the beginning of 1657 with an armed force of about 6,000 cavalrymen ready for the defence of the region, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled by the Polish King John II Casimir (1648–1668). The battle was fought by the entrenched Swedish units in the town and the surrounding Polish army.[4]
Battle
Along with Stefan Czarniecki arrived the Polish Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski – Field Crown Hetman since 1658, who approached Grudziądz fortress in mid-August.[4] (While some sources name Lubomirski the commander,[5][4][7] others name general Krzysztof Grodzicki).[8][9][10][11] Poles gave the Swedes an opportunity to surrender, but expecting to be relieved, they refused.[12] After a week-long siege the Poles defeated the Swedes on 29–30 August 1659.[4] Much of the city was destroyed in a fire.[6]
The campaign was won also thanks to the devotion of local government (Starostwo) and Marie Louise Gonzaga who raised the sum of 1,415 Polish zloty to pay for the maintenance of the army.[4]
Notes and references
- ↑ Frost, Robert I (2004). After the Deluge. Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History. Cambridge University Press; p. 3. ISBN 0-521-54402-5.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
