Cupaniopsis

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Cupaniopsis
Cupaniopsis anacardioides Wyrrabalong National Park.jpg
Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Tuckeroo, foliage and flowers, Wyrrabalong National Park, NSW, Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Sapindales
Family:
Sapindaceae
Subfamily:
Sapindoideae
Genus:
Cupaniopsis
Type species
Cupaniopsis anacardioides
(A.Rich.) Radlk.
Species

See text

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Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 67 species of trees and shrubs known to science, of the soapberry plant family Sapindaceae.[3] They grow naturally in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, Torres Strait Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Sulawesi, Micronesia.[2][3][4][5][6] Many species have been threatened with extinction globally or nationally, with official recognition by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and several national and state governments.

Tuckeroo is a common name suffix for some species in Australia.[7][8][9]

C. anacardioides has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name Carrotwood applies.[10]

Conservation

At global, national and government regional scales, many Cupaniopsis species have been threatened with extinction, as officially recognised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), governments of Australia, New Caledonia and so on.

Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species C. crassivalvis has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment.[11] Seven species endemic to New Caledonia have become endangered with global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 assessments. Five species endemic to New Guinea, one endemic to New Caledonia and one endemic to Sulawesi have become vulnerable to global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 and 2010 assessments.

In Australia, C. shirleyana and C. tomentella, small trees today found growing naturally only (endemic) in small areas of south eastern Queensland (Qld), have obtained the "vulnerable" species Australian government's national conservation status and together also with C. cooperorum, the Qld government's "vulnerable" species state conservation status.[12][13][14]:48 C. newmannii small trees in eastern Qld have obtained the Qld government's "near threatened" species state conservation status.[14]:67 C. serrata small trees in north-eastern New South Wales (NSW) have obtained the NSW government's "endangered" species state conservation status.[15]

Naming and classification

European science formally named and described this genus in 1879 using C. anacardioides for the type species, authored by Bavarian botanist Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer.[1][2][6]

In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the whole genus was published by Dutch botanist Frits Adema.[16]

Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles and the Flora of Australia treatment.[8][9][17]

Species

C. anacardioides fruits and foliage
C. baileyana leaves and flowers
C. flagelliformis var. australis seedling
C. newmanii young plant foliage
C. wadsworthii flowers
C. wadsworthii foliage and unripe fruit
C. wadsworthii foliage and ripe fruit

This listing was sourced from the Australian Plant Name Index and Australian Plant Census,[2] the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system,[3] the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea,[4] the Checklist of the vascular indigenous Flora of New Caledonia,[5] Flora Malesiana,[6] Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest,[18] "The Endemic Plants of Micronesia",[19] Plants in Samoan Culture,[20] Flora Vitiensis (Fiji),[21] the 2013 Census of the Queensland Flora,[22] the Flora of New South Wales,[7] and the Flora of Australia.[9]

Species accepted by the official Census of the Queensland Flora 2013, while awaiting formal naming, description and publication[22]
  • Cupaniopsis sp. (Biggenden J.Randall 600) – Biggenden and Childers areas, SE. central Queensland
  • Cupaniopsis sp. (Watalgan A.R.Bean 8611) – Gladstone region, E. central Queensland

References

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Cited works

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External links

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