Ein Siniya

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Ein Siniya
Other transcription(s)
 • Arabic عين سينيا
 • Also spelled 'Ayn Sinya (official)
Ayn Siniya (unofficial)
Ein Siniya is located in the Palestinian territories
Ein Siniya
Ein Siniya
Location of Ein Siniya within the Palestinian Territories
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Palestine grid 171/153
Governorate Ramallah & al-Bireh
Government
 • Type Local Development Committee
Area (1945)
 • Jurisdiction 2,404 dunams (2.4 km2 or 0.9 sq mi)
Population (2007)
 • Jurisdiction 711
Name meaning The spring of Sinya[1]

Ein Siniya (Arabic: عين سينيا‎‎, ‘Ayn Sîniyâ) is a small Palestinian village of over 700 people in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) north of Ramallah,[2] and a mile northeast from Jifna.[3] It lies in a valley surrounded with olive and fig-terraces.[4]

History

Numerous rock-cut tombs have been found around the village.[5]

Clermont-Ganneau identified Ein Siniya with Biblical Jeshanah and Isana of Josephus, but modern authors place that at Kh. el-Burn.[6] Ein Siniya has usually been identified as the Crusader village Aineseins, which was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre.[7][8][9][10] However, C. N. Johns, writing in 1939, thought that Aineseins was located by Tel Beit Shemesh.[11]

Claude Reignier Conder and Herbert Kitchener wrote in 1882 that a small Crusader fort appeared to have been situated there,[4] however, this has not been verified by later sources.[11]

Ottoman era

During Palestine's rule by the Ottoman Empire (16th-19th centuries), Ein Siniya was located in the sheikhdom of Bani Zeid, in the Jerusalem Sanjak. In 1556, it was the smallest village in the sheikhdom, having under ten households.[12] Potsherds from the early Ottoman period have been found.[13] In the Ottoman census of 1596, Ein Siniya was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jerusalem, which was under the administration of the Jerusalem Sanjak. The village had a population of 12 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, vineyards, fruit trees, occasional revenues, beehives and/or goats.[14]

Prior to the 1834 peasants' revolt, Ein Siniya belonged to the Bani Murrah tribe. After the revolt, the sheikhs were appointed by Ibrahim Pasha.[15] In 1838, Biblical scholar Edward Robinson found the village to be surrounded with vineyards and fruit-trees. There were also gardens of vegetables, watered from a well.[16] In 1870, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he found to have two hundred inhabitants.[17] In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Ain Sinia as a small village, but of "undoubted antiquity."[4]

Early in the 20th century, Ain Sinya was "practically" the property of a wealthy Arab native of Jerusalem who influenced authorities to build a carriage road next to Ein Siniya to benefit the village.[3] In 1907 the population was Muslim.[3] At the same time it was noted that Ein Siniya, unlike other Arab villages in the area, grew mulberry and walnut trees in abundance instead of olive or fig groves.[3]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the population numbered 114,[18] increasing in the 1931 census to 288, in 59 inhabited houses. 15 villagers were Christian, the rest Muslim.[19]

According to Sami Hadawi's 1945 land and population survey, Ein Siniya had a population of 330 inhabitants and a total land area of 2,724 dunams, most of which was Arab-owned. Its built-up area consisted of 21 dunams,[20] while 2,404 dunams were cultivated.[21] 1,856 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, and 548 for cereals.[22]

Modern era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Ein Siniya came under Jordanian rule.

After Six-Day War in 1967, Ein Siniya has been under Israeli occupation. Much of the population fled during the war and only by 1982 did the population reach roughly what it was in 1945, 333. It grew to 482 in 1987,[2] and then 533 in the census carried out by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) a decade later. The main cause of growth of Ein Siniya, which was nearly empty after the 1967 war, was an influx of Palestinian refugees, who by 1997 constituted over half of the population (52.3%).[23] According to the PCBS, Ein Siniya had a population of 702 in 2004, rising to 753 in mid-year 2006.[24] In the 2007 PCBS census, there were 711 people living in the town.[25]

'Ein Siniya residents are from several families, mainly the Samhan, Ma'alla, Khater, Abu al Hajj, Dar Ali, Abu ash Sheikh, Bazrooq, Mousa and Al Hallaq families ('Ein Siniya Village Council, 2011).

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 224
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Welcome to 'Ayn Siniya Palestine Remembered.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Grant, 1921, p. 223.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 291
  5. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 302
  6. ↑ Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, pp. 290 -294; cited in Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 554
  7. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
  8. ↑ de Roziére, 1849, p. 30: Aessens, p.263: Aineseins, both cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16-17, No 74
  9. ↑ Rey, 1883, p. 376
  10. ↑ Röhricht, 1887, p. 205; cited in Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 554
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Pringle, 1997, p. 20
  12. ↑ Singer, 1994, p. 77
  13. ↑ Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 554
  14. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 117
  15. ↑ Macalister and Masterman, 1905, p. 354
  16. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 80
  17. ↑ Guérin, 1875, p. 38
  18. ↑ Barron, 1922, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramalllah, p. 16
  19. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 49
  20. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
  21. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64.
  22. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112
  23. ↑ Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
  24. ↑ Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
  25. ↑ 2007 PCBS Census. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.113.

Bibliography

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  • Suad Amiry, Nazmi Al-Jubeh, Andrea Bräuning, Jürgen Frick: Das „Museum of Memory” in Ain Sinya. Beispiel für die Denkmalpflege in Palästina. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg, 32 (2003), vol. 4, pp. 345–353 (PDF)

External links

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