Emmanuel de Martonne
| Emmanuel de Martonne | |
|---|---|
Emmanuel de Martonne, taken before 1929
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|
| Born | 1 April 1873 Chabris, France |
| Died | Error: Need valid death date (first date): year, month, day Sceaux, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Geographer |
Emmanuel de Martonne (1 April 1873 – 24 July 1955) was a French geographer. He participated in the Paris Peace Conference.
Early life and education
He was born on 1 April 1873 in Chabris, Indre, France,[1] and was the son-in-law of Paul Vidal de la Blache.[2] In 1882, he entered the École Normale Supérieure.[3] He graduated three years later with a degree in history and geography.[1] After that, he worked with Ferdinand von Richthofen and Albrecht Penck.[1]
Career
In 1899, de Martonne became a professor at the University of Rennes. In 1905, he started at the University of Lyon, and four years later at the Sorbonne.[4]
During the Paris Peace Conference after World War I, he was an adviser of Minister of Foreign Affairs André Tardieu and Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau,[5] and he also lobbied for the return of Alsace-Lorraine to the French.[6] De Martonne was also secretary of the Comité D'études, which worked on fixing boundary issues following the war, especially in Romania and the Balkans.[5][7] He was familiar with Central Europe and Romania, as he had conducted studies in the Southern Carpathians earlier in his life.[5]
After that, he taught at the University of Cluj in 1921.[8] He died on 24 July 1955 in Sceaux, a commune near Paris.[1]
Awards and honors
He became an honorary member of the Geographical Society of the USSR in 1933.,[9] and, from 1938 to 1952, was president of the International Geographical Union.[9] He was awarded the Cullum Geographical Medal in 1939, and the Victoria Medal in 1950.[1][10] He became a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1942.[9]
Publications
In 1909, he published the first edition of his book Traité de géographie physique: Climat, Hydrographie, Relief du sol, Biogéographie. It contains 396 three-dimensional, painstakingly researched illustrations and maps. It covers many aspects of geography, including different map projections, the geographic coordinate system, physical geography, climate, hydrography, erosion, glaciers, and biogeography.[11][12] The second edition was published in 1913, and the third in 1920.[4]
He published Les Alpes: Géographie générale, a study about the Alps, in 1926. This led to the "De Martonne aridity index".[13]
References
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