George Porter

For other people named George Porter, see George Porter (disambiguation). For other people with the title of Lord Porter, see Lord Porter (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable The Lord Porter of Luddenham OM FRS FRSE
Born	George Porter (1920-12-06)6 December 1920 Stainforth, England
Died
Fields	Chemistry
Institutions	University of Sheffield University College London University of Leicester Royal Institution
Alma mater	University of Leeds (BSc) Emmanuel College, Cambridge (PhD)
Thesis	The study of free radicals produced by photochemical means (1949)
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Norrish
Doctoral students	James Robert Durrant Graham Fleming
Known for	Flash photolysis
Notable awards	Corday-Morgan Prize (1955) FRS (1960) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1967) Davy Medal (1971) Kalinga Prize (1976) Rumford Medal (1978) Faraday Lectureship Prize (1980) Order of Merit (1989) Michael Faraday Prize (1991) Copley Medal (1992)
Spouse	Stella Jean Brooke (since 1949)

George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham, OM, FRS, FRSE, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002) was a British chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967.

Education and early life

Porter was born in Stainforth, near Thorne, in the then West Riding of Yorkshire. He was educated at Thorne Grammar School, then won a scholarship to the University of Leeds and gained his first degree in chemistry. During his degree, Porter was taught by Meredith Gwynne Evans, who he later said was the most brilliant chemist he had ever met. He was awarded a PhD from the University of Cambridge in 1949 for research investigating free radicals produced by photochemical means. He would later become a fellow at Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

Career and research

Porter served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during the Second World War. Porter then went on to do research at the University of Cambridge supervised by Ronald George Wreyford Norrish where he began the work that ultimately led to them becoming Nobel Laureates.

His original research in developing the technique of flash photolysis to obtain information on short-lived molecular species provided the first evidence of free radicals. His later research utilised the technique to study the detailed aspects of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, with particular regard to possible applications to a hydrogen economy, of which he was a strong advocate.

He was Assistant Director of the British Rayon Research Association from 1953 to 1954, where he studied the phototendering of dyed cellulose fabrics in sunlight.

Porter served as professor in the Chemistry department at the University of Sheffield in 1954–65. It was here he started his work on flash photolysis with equipment designed and made in the departmental workshop. During this tenure he also took part in a television programme describing his work. This was in the "Eye on Research" series. Porter became Fullerian Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Royal Institution in 1966. During his directorship of the Royal Institution, Porter was instrumental in the setting up of Applied Photophysics, a company created to supply instrumentation based on his group's work. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967 along with Manfred Eigen and Ronald George Wreyford Norrish. In the same year he became a visiting professor at University College London.

Porter was a major contributor to the Public Understanding of science. He became president of the British Association in 1985 and was the founding Chair of the Committee on the Public Understanding of Science (COPUS). He gave the Romanes Lecture, entitled "Science and the human purpose", at the University of Oxford in 1978; and in 1988 he gave the Dimbleby Lecture, "Knowledge itself is power." From 1990 to 1993 he gave the Gresham lectures in astronomy.

Awards and honours

Porter was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1960, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979, a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1986, and served as President of the Royal Society from 1985 to 1990. He was also awarded the Davy Medal in 1971, the Rumford Medal in 1978, the Ellison-Cliffe Medal in 1991 and the Copley Medal in 1992.

Porter also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1971.

He was knighted in 1972, appointed to the Order of Merit in 1989, and was made a life peer as Baron Porter of Luddenham, of Luddenham in the County of Kent, in 1990. In 1995, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Laws) from the University of Bath.

In 1976 he gave the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on The Natural History of a Sunbeam.

Porter served as Chancellor of the University of Leicester between 1984 and 1995. In 2001, the university's chemistry building was named the George Porter Building in his honour.

Family

In 1949 Porter married Stella Jean Brooke.

Publications

• Chemistry for the Modern World (1962)
• Chemistry in Microtime (1996)

See also

• List of presidents of the Royal Society

External links

• Portraits of George Porter at the National Portrait Gallery, London
• Profile – Royal Institution of Great Britain
• The Life and Scientific Legacy of George Porter, World Scientific Publishing, 2006
• Obituary in The Guardian, 3 September 2002
• Biographical Database of the British Chemical Community, 1880–1970
• "The Relevance of Science". George Porter. JASA (Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation) Vol. 28. March 1976. pp. 2–3.(Includes editorial responses from astronomer Owen Gingerich and theologian Bernard Ramm amongst others.)
• [[Category:Nobel Prize in {{{1}}} winners]]

Cultural offices
Preceded by William Lawrence Bragg	Director of the Royal Institution 1966–1986	Succeeded by John Meurig Thomas
Academic offices
Preceded by Sir Alan Hodgkin	Chancellor of the University of Leicester 1984–1995	Succeeded by Sir Michael Atiyah
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by Andrew Huxley	President of the Royal Society 1985–1990	Succeeded by Sir Michael Atiyah