Help:IPA for Tibetan

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Tibetan pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

IPA Tibetan English approximation Consonants b བ bog [p] on a low tone c ཀྱ church cʰ ཁྱ གྱ church ɕ ཞ ཤ sheep d ད dog ([t] on a low tone) dz ཛ adz ([ts] on a low tone) dʑ ཇ jeep ([tɕ] on a low tone) ɡ ག gone ([k] on a low tone) h ཧ head j ཡ yes ɟ གྱ judge, (UK) dew ([c] on a low tone) k ཀ scat kʰ ཁ ག cat l ལ leap l̥ ལྷ (voiceless l, like hl) m མ moon n ན noon ɲ ཉ canyon ŋ ང song p པ spin pʰ ཕ བ pin ɹ ར the r in drink s ཟ ས song ʂ ཧྲ like first part of shrew [ʂɹu] t ཏ stop tʰ ཐ ད top ʈ ~ ʈʂ ཀྲ stream ʈʰ ~ ʈʂʰ ཁྲ གྲ trunk tɕ ཅ beach tɕʰ ཆ ཇ cheer ts ཙ cats tsʰ ཚ ཛ tsunami w ཝ water z ཟ zoo ([s] on a low tone) ʑ ཞ genre ([ɕ] on a low tone) ʔ ཨ oh-oh! ʕ འ like ɦ but more pharyngeal

IPA Tibetan English approximation Vowels a between fat and father e Spanish e (in Sp. open syllables) ɛ bed i see ɪ sit but more centralised o Spanish o (in Sp. open syllables) ø French eu, German ö ɔ dawn (mid-west US accent) u moon ʊ good but more centralised ʌ cup, RP y French u, German ü ̃ nasal vowel Tones IPA Description sí high level: si˥ sî high falling: si˥˧ sǐ low rising: si˩˧ sì low level: si˩