John Scarlett

For other people named John Scarlett, see John Scarlett (disambiguation).

Sir John Scarlett KCMG OBE
File:Sir John Scarlett - Chatham House 2011.jpg Scarlett speaking at a Chatham House event in 2011
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service	Secret Intelligence Service (SIS/MI6)
Active	1970–2001; 2004–2009
Rank	Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service
Born	(1948-08-18) 18 August 1948
Nationality	British
Occupation	Intelligence officer
Alma mater	Magdalen College, Oxford

Sir John McLeod Scarlett KCMG OBE (born 18 August 1948) is a retired British senior intelligence officer. He was Chief of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 2004 to 2009. Prior to this appointment, he had chaired the Cabinet Office Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC).

Biography

Fluent in French and Russian, Scarlett was educated at Epsom College and Magdalen College, Oxford, where in 1969 or 1970 he received a first class degree in history.

Scarlett was at the anti-Vietnam War Grosvenor Square disorders in 1968 and wrote to the newspapers at the time, criticizing the police action.

He was a contemporary of figures including Christopher Hitchens, Robert Jackson, William Waldegrave, Edwina Currie, Stephen Milligan, John Redwood, Jonathan Sumption, William Blair, Bill Clinton and Gyles Brandreth. Shortly afterward, he was recruited by MI6 and served in Moscow, Nairobi (1973–1976), and Paris. In 1994, after a tit-for-tat row between the UK and Russian authorities, Scarlett was expelled from Moscow where he had been MI6's "station chief". He retired from MI6 as Director of Security and Public Affairs in 2001, rejoining in 2004.

Joint Intelligence Committee

See also: September Dossier, Hutton Inquiry, Butler Review, and Iraq Inquiry

Scarlett took on the role of head of the JIC one week before the September 11 attacks.

The normally secretive intelligence services were thrust into the public gaze in the Summer of 2003 after the death of the eminent government weapons expert, Dr. David Kelly. Kelly had been found dead in the Oxfordshire countryside near his home, after being exposed as the source of allegations that the government had "sexed-up" intelligence regarding existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The "classic case" was the claim that Iraq could launch Weapons of Mass Destruction "within 45 minutes of an order to do so"—Dr. Kelly had privately dismissed this as "risible".

Scarlett gave evidence at the Hutton Inquiry into the circumstances surrounding Kelly's death. It became clear that Scarlett had worked closely with Alastair Campbell, then the Prime Minister's Director of Communications and Strategy, on the controversial September Dossier, with Campbell making drafting suggestions which the inquiry found may have "subconsciously influenced" Scarlett and the JIC. This influence may have had deleterious effects on the quality of the assessments presented in the dossier. For instance, the Intelligence and Security Committee made several criticisms in their report "Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction: Intelligence and Assessments":

"As the 45 minutes claim was new to its readers, the context of the intelligence and any assessment needed to be explained. The fact that it was assessed to refer to battlefield chemical and biological munitions and their movement on the battlefield, not to any other form of chemical or biological attack, should have been highlighted in the dossier. The omission of the context and assessment allowed speculation as to its exact meaning. This was unhelpful to an understanding of this issue."

Scarlett became the head of SIS on 6 May 2004, before publication of the findings of the Butler Review. Although the review highlighted many failings in the intelligence behind the Iraq war and the workings of the Joint Intelligence Committee, it specifically stated that Scarlett should not resign as head of the Committee and SIS.

On 8 December 2009, Scarlett gave evidence to The Iraq Inquiry. He denied he was under any pressure to "firm up" the September Dossier, and claimed there was "no conscious intention" to mislead about Iraq's weapons but it would have been "better" to have clarified battlefield munitions not missiles were meant.

On 26 June 2011, The Guardian reported on a memo from Scarlett to Blair's foreign affairs adviser, released under the Freedom of Information Act, which referred to "the benefit of obscuring the fact that in terms of WMD Iraq is not that exceptional". The memo has been described as one of the most significant documents on the September dossier yet published as it is considered a proposal to mislead the public.

Post retirement

On 28 January 2011, Scarlett was appointed to the board of Times Newspapers Ltd, part of News International, which publishes The Times and The Sunday Times. He is also a governor of Epsom College, and Chairman of the Bletchley Park Trust.

Knighthood controversy

Scarlett was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in the Queen's New Years Honours List 2007. Scarlett, while Chairman of the JIC, was the principal author of the assessments on which the September Dossier was based, a document partly by which the Prime Minister justified to Parliament the invasion of Iraq and which was later found to be "flawed" by the Butler Review. However, despite the claims of preferential honours, the award of a KCMG is normal practice for all heads of SIS and senior FCO and British diplomats.

External links

• John Scarlett collected news and commentary at the London Evening Standard
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• The Observer Profile: John Scarlett, David Rose, The Observer, 9 May 2004
• Profile: John Scarlett: 'C' is for suspected crony in spying HQ, The Sunday Times, 9 May 2004
• MI6 - A Century in the Shadows (Part Three), 31 December 2010, 24:00, "In the final part of this series, Sir John Scarlett, the former head of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service talks about the interrogation of terrorist suspects and MI6's role in the run up to the war in Iraq."

Government offices
Preceded by Sir Peter Ricketts	Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee 2001–2004	Succeeded by Sir Richard Mottram Permanent Secretary, Intelligence, Security and Resilience
Preceded by Sir Richard Dearlove	Chief of the SIS 2004–2009	Succeeded by Sir John Sawers