John Trevor (speaker)

Sir John Trevor
Engraving of Sir John Trevor
Speaker of the House of Commons
In office 1689–1695
Monarch	William III and Mary II
Preceded by	Henry Powle
Succeeded by	Paul Foley
In office 1685–1687
Monarch	James II
Preceded by	Sir William Williams
Succeeded by	Henry Powle
Personal details
Born	c. 1637
Died	20 May 1717
Nationality	British
Residence	Brynkinalt, Denbighshire, Wales
Alma mater	Ruthin School
Occupation	Politician and lawyer

For other people named John Trevor, see John Trevor (disambiguation).

Sir John Trevor (c. 1637 – 20 May 1717) was a Welsh lawyer and politician. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons from 1685 to 1687 (the Loyal Parliament) and from 1689 to 1695. Trevor also served as Master of the Rolls from 1685 to 1689 and from 1693 to 1717. His second term as Speaker came to an end when he was expelled from the House of Commons for accepting a substantial bribe. He remained the most recent Speaker to be forced out of office until Michael Martin resigned in 2009.

Early life

John Trevor was born around 1637 or 1638, the exact date of his birth being unrecorded. His father, also called John Trevor, was the son of Sir Edward Trevor; his mother was Margaret Jeffreys. The family lived at Brynkinalt in the Welsh county of Denbighshire.

Trevor was educated at Ruthin School, and he started his career as a clerk for his relative Arthur Trevor. From there he worked his way up with the help of the patronage of George Jeffreys until he was appointed a king's counsel by Charles II.

Political and judicial appointments

In 1685 he was appointed to the high offices of Master of the Rolls and Speaker of the House of Commons by James II. Being a tory and a partisan of James II, the accession of William III saw Trevor deprived of his office. In 1690, however, he once again returned to parliament as Speaker. From 1693, he also once again held the judicial office of Master of the Rolls. Between 1692 and 1695, he represented Newry in the Irish House of Commons.

As Speaker he was memorable for being severely cross-eyed—the affliction was so confusing to members of the House that they were frequently uncertain as to which of them had "caught the Speaker's eye", and would try to speak out of turn.

Scandal

On 7 March 1695, he was found guilty of accepting a bribe of 1000 guineas (£1050, but equivalent to around £1.6 million in 2009) from the City of London to aid the passage of a bill through the house. This was judged to be a "high crime and misdemeanour" and he was expelled from the House of Commons, a move which he initially resisted on the ground of ill-health. He was not asked to refund the bribe and retained his judicial position until his death at the age of 79 or 80 on 20 May 1717.

Family

Sir John Trevor

Trevor married Jane Mostyn, the daughter of Sir Roger Mostyn. They are known to have had four children: Edward, Arthur, John and Anne. Trevor's wife predeceased him, dying in August 1704.

Through his daughter Anne, Sir John was the ancestor of the Hills, Marquesses of Downshire, the family of Hill-Trevor, Viscounts Dungannon, the Duke of Wellington, and Queen Elizabeth II.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 

Parliament of England
Preceded by Sir John Maynard Sir William Bastard	Member of Parliament for Bere Alston 1679–1681 With: Sir William Bastard	Succeeded by Sir Duncombe Colchester John Elwill
Preceded by Sir Thomas Myddelton	Member of Parliament for Denbighshire 1681–1685	Succeeded by Sir Richard Myddelton
Preceded by Sir John Salusbury	Member of Parliament for Denbigh Boroughs 1685–1689	Succeeded by Edward Brereton
Preceded by Hon. Fitton Gerard Sir Robert Holmes	Member of Parliament for Yarmouth 1690–1695 With: Charles Duncombe	Succeeded by Henry Holmes Charles Duncombe
Parliament of Ireland
Preceded by Unknown	Member of Parliament for Newry 1692–1695 With: Frederick Porter	Succeeded by Frederick Porter Robert Echlin
Political offices
Preceded by Sir William Williams	Speaker of the House of Commons 1685–1687	Succeeded by Henry Powle
Preceded by Henry Powle	Speaker of the House of Commons 1689–1695	Succeeded by Paul Foley
Legal offices
Preceded by Sir John Churchill	Master of the Rolls 1685–1689	Succeeded by Henry Powle
Preceded by Sir Henry Powle	Master of the Rolls 1693–1717	Succeeded by Sir Joseph Jekyll
Honorary titles
Preceded by Thomas Whitley	Custos Rotulorum of Flintshire 1691–1714	Succeeded by Sir Roger Mostyn, 3rd Baronet