The Grey Cup is the championship of the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the trophy awarded to the victorious team. The trophy is named after Albert Grey, the Governor General of Canada from 1904 until 1911. He donated the trophy to the Canadian Rugby Union in 1909 to recognize the top amateur rugby football team in Canada. By this time Canadian football had become markedly different from the rugby football from which it developed. Although it was originally intended to be awarded only to amateur teams (like the Stanley Cup), over time, the Grey Cup became the property of the Canadian Football League as it evolved into a professional football league. Amateur teams ceased competing for the Cup by 1954; since 1965, the top amateur teams, playing in U Sports, have competed for the Vanier Cup.[1]
The Grey Cup game is Canada's largest annual sports and television event, regularly drawing a Canadian viewing audience of about 4 million.[2][3] Two awards are given for play in the game, Most Valuable Player and the Dick Suderman Trophy as most valuable Canadian player.[4] As a member of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Andrew Harris is the only player to win both the Dick Suderman Trophy and the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player the same year, which he did in 2019.
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers have made the most appearances (26), while the Toronto Argonauts have won the most championships (18) and have the best record in the Grey Cup composite standings (18-6). Despite the CFL's short-lived U.S. expansion in the mid-1990s, the Grey Cup has never been played outside of Canada. The Baltimore Stallions were the only American team to appear in the Grey Cup (twice, losing in 1994 and winning the following year).
Although the first Grey Cup game was in 1909, none were played from 1916 to 1919 or in 2020, so the 109th Grey Cup game was the one played on November 20, 2022, at Mosaic Stadium in Regina,Saskatchewan. The reigning Winnipeg Blue Bombers were defeated by the Toronto Argonauts.
Results
- Numbers in parentheses indicate the cumulative number of times that a team has won the Grey Cup or that a city/venue has hosted the game.
| Game |
Date |
Winning team |
Score |
Losing team |
Venue |
City |
Attendance |
| 1st |
December 4, 1909 |
University of Toronto Varsity Blues |
26–6 |
Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club |
Rosedale Field |
Toronto |
3,807 |
| 2nd |
November 26, 1910 |
University of Toronto Varsity Blues (2) |
16–7 |
Hamilton Tigers |
AAA Grounds |
Hamilton |
12,000 |
| 3rd |
November 25, 1911 |
University of Toronto Varsity Blues (3) |
14–7 |
Toronto Argonauts |
Varsity Stadium |
Toronto (2) |
13,687 |
| 4th |
November 30, 1912 |
Hamilton Alerts |
11–4 |
Toronto Argonauts |
AAA Grounds (2) |
Hamilton (2) |
5,337 |
| 5th |
November 29, 1913 |
Hamilton Tigers |
44–2 |
Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club |
AAA Grounds (3) |
Hamilton (3) |
2,100 |
| 6th |
December 5, 1914 |
Toronto Argonauts |
14–2 |
University of Toronto Varsity Blues |
Varsity Stadium (2) |
Toronto (3) |
10,500 |
| 7th |
November 20, 1915 |
Hamilton Tigers (2) |
13–7 |
Toronto Rowing Association |
Varsity Stadium (3) |
Toronto (4) |
2,808 |
| — |
1916 |
Not held due to World War I |
— |
— |
— |
| — |
1917 |
— |
— |
— |
| — |
1918 |
— |
— |
— |
| — |
1919 |
Cancelled due to a rules dispute with the Canadian Rugby Union |
— |
— |
— |
| 8th |
December 4, 1920 |
University of Toronto Varsity Blues (4) |
16–3 |
Toronto Argonauts |
Varsity Stadium (4) |
Toronto (5) |
10,088 |
| 9th |
December 3, 1921 |
Toronto Argonauts (2) |
23–0 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
Varsity Stadium (5) |
Toronto (6) |
9,558 |
| 10th |
December 2, 1922 |
Queen's University |
13–1 |
Edmonton Elks |
Richardson Stadium |
Kingston |
4,700 |
| 11th |
December 1, 1923 |
Queen's University (2) |
54–0 |
Regina Rugby Club |
Varsity Stadium (6) |
Toronto (7) |
8,629 |
| 12th |
November 29, 1924 |
Queen's University (3) |
11–2 |
Toronto Balmy Beach |
Varsity Stadium (7) |
Toronto (8) |
5,978 |
| 13th |
December 5, 1925 |
Ottawa Senators |
24–1 |
Winnipeg Tammany Tigers |
Lansdowne Park |
Ottawa |
6,900 |
| 14th |
December 4, 1926 |
Ottawa Senators (2) |
10–7 |
Toronto Varsity Blues |
Varsity Stadium (8) |
Toronto (9) |
8,276 |
| 15th |
November 26, 1927 |
Toronto Balmy Beach |
9–6 |
Hamilton Tigers |
Varsity Stadium (9) |
Toronto (10) |
13,676 |
| 16th |
December 1, 1928 |
Hamilton Tigers (3) |
30–0 |
Regina Roughriders |
AAA Grounds (4) |
Hamilton (4) |
4,767 |
| 17th |
November 30, 1929 |
Hamilton Tigers (4) |
14–3 |
Regina Roughriders |
AAA Grounds (5) |
Hamilton (5) |
1,906 |
| 18th |
December 6, 1930 |
Toronto Balmy Beach (2) |
11–6 |
Regina Roughriders |
Varsity Stadium (10) |
Toronto (11) |
3,914 |
| 19th |
December 5, 1931 |
Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers |
22–0 |
Regina Roughriders |
Molson Stadium |
Montreal |
5,112 |
| 20th |
December 3, 1932 |
Hamilton Tigers (5) |
25–6 |
Regina Roughriders |
AAA Grounds (6) |
Hamilton (6) |
4,806 |
| 21st |
December 9, 1933 |
Toronto Argonauts (3) |
4–3 |
Sarnia Imperials |
Athletic Park |
Sarnia |
2,751 |
| 22nd |
November 24, 1934 |
Sarnia Imperials |
20–12 |
Regina Roughriders |
Varsity Stadium (11) |
Toronto (12) |
8,900 |
| 23rd |
December 7, 1935 |
Winnipeg 'Pegs |
18–12 |
Hamilton Tigers |
AAA Grounds (7) |
Hamilton (7) |
6,405 |
| 24th |
December 5, 1936 |
Sarnia Imperials (2) |
26–20 |
Ottawa Rough Riders |
Varsity Stadium (12) |
Toronto (13) |
5,883 |
| 25th |
December 11, 1937 |
Toronto Argonauts (4) |
4–3 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (13) |
Toronto (14) |
11,522 |
| 26th |
December 10, 1938 |
Toronto Argonauts (5) |
30–7 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (14) |
Toronto (15) |
18,778 |
| 27th |
December 9, 1939 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (2) |
8–7 |
Ottawa Rough Riders |
Lansdowne Park (2) |
Ottawa (2) |
11,737 |
| 28th[upper-alpha 1] |
November 30, 1940 |
Ottawa Rough Riders (3) |
8–2 |
Toronto Balmy Beach |
Varsity Stadium (15) |
Toronto (16) |
4,998 |
| December 7, 1940 |
Ottawa Rough Riders |
12–5 |
Toronto Balmy Beach |
Lansdowne Park (3) |
Ottawa (3) |
1,700 |
| 29th |
November 29, 1941 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (3) |
18–16 |
Ottawa Rough Riders |
Varsity Stadium (16) |
Toronto (17) |
19,065 |
| 30th |
December 5, 1942 |
Toronto RCAF Hurricanes |
8–5 |
Winnipeg RCAF Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (17) |
Toronto (18) |
12,455 |
| 31st |
November 27, 1943 |
Hamilton Flying Wildcats |
23–14 |
Winnipeg RCAF Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (18) |
Toronto (19) |
16,423 |
| 32nd |
November 25, 1944 |
St. Hyacinthe-Donnacona Navy |
7–6 |
Hamilton Flying Wildcats |
Civic Stadium |
Hamilton (8) |
3,871 |
| 33rd |
December 1, 1945 |
Toronto Argonauts (6) |
35–0 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (19) |
Toronto (20) |
18,660 |
| 34th |
November 30, 1946 |
Toronto Argonauts (7) |
28–6 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (20) |
Toronto (21) |
18,960 |
| 35th |
November 29, 1947 |
Toronto Argonauts (8) |
10–9 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (21) |
Toronto (22) |
18,885 |
| 36th |
November 27, 1948 |
Calgary Stampeders |
12–7 |
Ottawa Rough Riders |
Varsity Stadium (22) |
Toronto (23) |
20,013 |
| 37th |
November 26, 1949 |
Montreal Alouettes |
28–15 |
Calgary Stampeders |
Varsity Stadium (23) |
Toronto (24) |
20,087 |
| 38th |
November 25, 1950 |
Toronto Argonauts (9) |
13–0 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (24) |
Toronto (25) |
27,101 |
| 39th |
November 24, 1951 |
Ottawa Rough Riders (4) |
21–14 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
Varsity Stadium (25) |
Toronto (26) |
27,341 |
| 40th |
November 29, 1952 |
Toronto Argonauts (10) |
21–11 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
Varsity Stadium (26) |
Toronto (27) |
27,391 |
| 41st |
November 28, 1953 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
12–6 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (27) |
Toronto (28) |
27,313 |
| 42nd |
November 27, 1954 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
26–25 |
Montreal Alouettes |
Varsity Stadium (28) |
Toronto (29) |
27,328 |
| 43rd |
November 26, 1955 |
Edmonton Eskimos (2) |
34–19 |
Montreal Alouettes |
Empire Stadium |
Vancouver |
39,417 |
| 44th |
November 24, 1956 |
Edmonton Eskimos (3) |
50–27 |
Montreal Alouettes |
Varsity Stadium (29) |
Toronto (30) |
27,425 |
| 45th |
November 30, 1957 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats (2) |
32–7 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Varsity Stadium (30) |
Toronto (31) |
27,051 |
| 46th |
November 29, 1958 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (4) |
35–28 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
Empire Stadium (2) |
Vancouver (2) |
36,567 |
| 47th |
November 28, 1959 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (5) |
21–7 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
CNE Stadium |
Toronto (32) |
33,133 |
| 48th |
November 26, 1960 |
Ottawa Rough Riders (5) |
16–6 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
Empire Stadium (3) |
Vancouver (3) |
38,102 |
| 49th |
December 2, 1961 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (6) |
21–14[upper-alpha 2] |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
CNE Stadium (2) |
Toronto (33) |
32,651 |
| 50th |
December 1–2,[upper-alpha 3] 1962 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (7) |
28–27 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
CNE Stadium (3) |
Toronto (34) |
32,655 |
| 51st |
November 30, 1963 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats (3) |
21–10 |
BC Lions |
Empire Stadium (4) |
Vancouver (4) |
36,545 |
| 52nd |
November 28, 1964 |
BC Lions |
34–24 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
CNE Stadium (4) |
Toronto (35) |
32,655 |
| 53rd |
November 27, 1965 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats (4) |
22–16 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
CNE Stadium (5) |
Toronto (36) |
32,655 |
| 54th |
November 26, 1966 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
29–14 |
Ottawa Rough Riders |
Empire Stadium (5) |
Vancouver (5) |
36,553 |
| 55th |
December 2, 1967 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats (5) |
24–1 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
Lansdowne Park (4) |
Ottawa (4) |
31,358 |
| 56th |
November 30, 1968 |
Ottawa Rough Riders (6) |
24–21 |
Calgary Stampeders |
CNE Stadium (6) |
Toronto (37) |
33,185 |
| 57th |
November 30, 1969 |
Ottawa Rough Riders (7) |
29–11 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
Autostade |
Montreal (2) |
33,172 |
| 58th |
November 28, 1970 |
Montreal Alouettes (2) |
23–10 |
Calgary Stampeders |
CNE Stadium (7) |
Toronto (38) |
32,669 |
| 59th |
November 28, 1971 |
Calgary Stampeders (2) |
14–11 |
Toronto Argonauts |
Empire Stadium (6) |
Vancouver (6) |
34,484 |
| 60th |
December 3, 1972 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats (6) |
13–10 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
Ivor Wynne Stadium (2) |
Hamilton (9) |
35,950 |
| 61st |
November 25, 1973 |
Ottawa Rough Riders (8) |
22–18 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
CNE Stadium (8) |
Toronto (39) |
36,653 |
| 62nd |
November 24, 1974 |
Montreal Alouettes (3) |
20–7 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
Empire Stadium (7) |
Vancouver (7) |
34,450 |
| 63rd |
November 23, 1975 |
Edmonton Eskimos (4) |
9–8 |
Montreal Alouettes |
McMahon Stadium |
Calgary |
32,454 |
| 64th |
November 28, 1976 |
Ottawa Rough Riders (9) |
23–20 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
CNE Stadium (9) |
Toronto (40) |
53,467 |
| 65th |
November 27, 1977 |
Montreal Alouettes (4) |
41–6 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
Olympic Stadium |
Montreal (3) |
68,205 |
| 66th |
November 26, 1978 |
Edmonton Eskimos (5) |
20–13 |
Montreal Alouettes |
CNE Stadium (10) |
Toronto (41) |
54,695 |
| 67th |
November 25, 1979 |
Edmonton Eskimos (6) |
17–9 |
Montreal Alouettes |
Olympic Stadium (2) |
Montreal (4) |
65,113 |
| 68th |
November 23, 1980 |
Edmonton Eskimos (7) |
48–10 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
CNE Stadium (11) |
Toronto (42) |
54,661 |
| 69th |
November 22, 1981 |
Edmonton Eskimos (8) |
26–23 |
Ottawa Rough Riders |
Olympic Stadium (3) |
Montreal (5) |
52,478 |
| 70th |
November 28, 1982 |
Edmonton Eskimos (9) |
32–16 |
Toronto Argonauts |
CNE Stadium (12) |
Toronto (43) |
54,741 |
| 71st |
November 27, 1983 |
Toronto Argonauts (11) |
18–17 |
BC Lions |
BC Place |
Vancouver (8) |
59,345 |
| 72nd |
November 18, 1984 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (8) |
47–17 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
Commonwealth Stadium |
Edmonton |
60,081 |
| 73rd |
November 24, 1985 |
BC Lions (2) |
37–24 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
Olympic Stadium (4) |
Montreal (6) |
56,723 |
| 74th |
November 30, 1986 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats (7) |
39–15 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
BC Place (2) |
Vancouver (9) |
59,579 |
| 75th |
November 29, 1987 |
Edmonton Eskimos (10) |
38–36 |
Toronto Argonauts |
BC Place (3) |
Vancouver (10) |
59,478 |
| 76th |
November 27, 1988 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (9) |
22–21 |
BC Lions |
Lansdowne Park (5) |
Ottawa (5) |
50,604 |
| 77th |
November 26, 1989 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders (2) |
43–40 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
SkyDome |
Toronto (44) |
54,088 |
| 78th |
November 25, 1990 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (10) |
50–11 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
BC Place (4) |
Vancouver (11) |
46,968 |
| 79th |
November 24, 1991 |
Toronto Argonauts (12) |
36–21 |
Calgary Stampeders |
Winnipeg Stadium |
Winnipeg |
51,985 |
| 80th |
November 29, 1992 |
Calgary Stampeders (3) |
24–10 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
SkyDome (2) |
Toronto (45) |
45,863 |
| 81st |
November 28, 1993 |
Edmonton Eskimos (11) |
33–23 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
McMahon Stadium (2) |
Calgary (2) |
50,035 |
| 82nd |
November 27, 1994 |
BC Lions (3) |
26–23 |
Baltimore Football Club |
BC Place (5) |
Vancouver (12) |
55,097 |
| 83rd |
November 19, 1995 |
Baltimore Stallions |
37–20 |
Calgary Stampeders |
Taylor Field |
Regina |
52,564 |
| 84th |
November 24, 1996 |
Toronto Argonauts (13) |
43–37 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
Ivor Wynne Stadium (3) |
Hamilton (10) |
38,595 |
| 85th |
November 16, 1997 |
Toronto Argonauts (14) |
47–23 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
Commonwealth Stadium (2) |
Edmonton (2)[upper-alpha 4][5] |
60,431 |
| 86th |
November 22, 1998 |
Calgary Stampeders (4) |
26–24 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
Winnipeg Stadium (2) |
Winnipeg (2) |
34,157 |
| 87th |
November 28, 1999 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats (8) |
32–21 |
Calgary Stampeders |
BC Place (6) |
Vancouver (13) |
45,118 |
| 88th |
November 26, 2000 |
BC Lions (4) |
28–26 |
Montreal Alouettes |
McMahon Stadium (3) |
Calgary (3) |
43,822 |
| 89th |
November 25, 2001 |
Calgary Stampeders (5) |
27–19 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Olympic Stadium (5) |
Montreal (7) |
65,255 |
| 90th |
November 24, 2002 |
Montreal Alouettes (5) |
25–16 |
Edmonton Eskimos |
Commonwealth Stadium (3) |
Edmonton (3) |
62,531 |
| 91st |
November 16, 2003 |
Edmonton Eskimos (12) |
34–22 |
Montreal Alouettes |
Taylor Field (2) |
Regina (2) |
50,909 |
| 92nd |
November 21, 2004 |
Toronto Argonauts (15) |
27–19 |
BC Lions |
Frank Clair Stadium (6) |
Ottawa (6) |
51,242 |
| 93rd |
November 27, 2005 |
Edmonton Eskimos (13) |
38–35[upper-alpha 5] |
Montreal Alouettes |
BC Place (7) |
Vancouver (14) |
59,157 |
| 94th |
November 19, 2006 |
BC Lions (5) |
25–14 |
Montreal Alouettes |
Canad Inns Stadium (3) |
Winnipeg (3) |
44,786 |
| 95th |
November 25, 2007 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders (3) |
23–19 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Rogers Centre (3) |
Toronto (46) |
52,230 |
| 96th |
November 23, 2008 |
Calgary Stampeders (6) |
22–14 |
Montreal Alouettes |
Olympic Stadium (6) |
Montreal (8) |
66,308 |
| 97th |
November 29, 2009 |
Montreal Alouettes (6) |
28–27 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
McMahon Stadium (4) |
Calgary (4) |
46,020 |
| 98th |
November 28, 2010 |
Montreal Alouettes (7) |
21–18 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders |
Commonwealth Stadium (4) |
Edmonton (4) |
63,317 |
| 99th |
November 27, 2011 |
BC Lions (6) |
34–23 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
BC Place (8) |
Vancouver (15)[6] |
54,313 |
| 100th |
November 25, 2012 |
Toronto Argonauts (16) |
35–22 |
Calgary Stampeders |
Rogers Centre (4) |
Toronto (47)[7] |
53,208 |
| 101st |
November 24, 2013 |
Saskatchewan Roughriders (4) |
45–23 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
Taylor Field (3) |
Regina (3)[8] |
44,710 |
| 102nd |
November 30, 2014 |
Calgary Stampeders (7) |
20–16 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
BC Place (9) |
Vancouver (16)[upper-alpha 6][9] |
52,056 |
| 103rd |
November 29, 2015 |
Edmonton Eskimos (14) |
26–20 |
Ottawa Redblacks |
Investors Group Field |
Winnipeg (4)[10] |
36,634 |
| 104th |
November 27, 2016 |
Ottawa Redblacks (1) |
39–33[upper-alpha 2] |
Calgary Stampeders |
BMO Field |
Toronto (48)[11] |
33,421 |
| 105th |
November 26, 2017 |
Toronto Argonauts (17) |
27–24 |
Calgary Stampeders |
TD Place Stadium (7) |
Ottawa (7)[12] |
36,154 |
| 106th |
November 25, 2018 |
Calgary Stampeders (8) |
27–16 |
Ottawa Redblacks |
Commonwealth Stadium (5) |
Edmonton (5)[13] |
55,819 |
| 107th |
November 24, 2019 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (11) |
33–12 |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
McMahon Stadium (5) |
Calgary (5)[14] |
35,439 |
| — |
2020 |
Cancelled along with the whole 2020 CFL season due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
— |
— |
— |
| 108th |
December 12, 2021 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (12) |
33–25[upper-alpha 2] |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
Tim Hortons Field |
Hamilton (11)[15][16] |
26,324 |
| 109th |
November 20, 2022 |
Toronto Argonauts (18) |
24–23 |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
Mosaic Stadium |
Regina (4)[17] |
33,330 |
| 110th |
2023 |
|
Tim Hortons Field (2) |
Hamilton (12)[18] |
|
| 111th |
2024 |
|
BC Place (10) |
Vancouver (17) |
|
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Win/Loss records
Although the official website of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats considers them as the same team,[19] the Tiger-Cats, Hamilton Alerts, Hamilton Tigers and Hamilton Flying Wildcats are all listed separately because, when the latter three were active, the teams competed as separate franchises. The Tigers and Flying Wildcats merged in 1950 to create the Tiger-Cats.[20]
Toronto is the city with the most wins, 25, followed by Hamilton (15), Edmonton (14), Winnipeg (12), Ottawa (10), Montreal (9), Calgary (8), Vancouver (6), Regina (4), Kingston (3), Sarnia (2) and Baltimore (1).
Active teams
Grey Cup Records post-merger era (1958)
Defunct and amateur teams
See also
References
- General
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- Specific
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External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grey Cup. |
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 100th Grey Cup coming to Toronto in 2012 Archived 2012-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Back to BC: 102nd Grey Cup awarded to Vancouver Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 103rd Grey Cup awarded to city of Winnipeg Archived 2014-12-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "upper-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="upper-alpha"/> tag was found, or a closing </ref> is missing
