List of motorways in Turkey

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Motorway network in Turkey. Highways in use, under construction and projected.
File:O-3.jpg
O-3 and O-2 conjunction
File:Logo TCK.svg
General Directorate of Highways is responsible for all the road development and maintenance of highways and motorways in Turkey
File:TEM otoyolu.jpg
Otoyol 2 in Istanbul
File:Otoyol 31 Izmir.jpg
Turkish highway Otoyol 31 in the greater Izmir area
File:Ankara-Istanbul Highway 05740.jpg
Otoyol 4, near Ankara.
Motorway sign is green in Turkey.

Motorways in Turkey (Turkish: otoyol[1]) are a network in development. The length of the current network is 2155 km.[2][3] The minimum speed limit on the Turkish motorways is 40 km/h and the maximum is 120 km/h.[4] All the network is 6 lanes (3 in each direction) wide and illuminated. The motorway sign in Turkey is green and uses Highway Gothic typeface.

History

The motorway network in Turkey is relatively new. In 1980, the network was only 27 km long and was focused on Istanbul. Currently, great efforts are being made to expand the network. In September 2009, plans were unveiled for 12 new highway routes that are to be built by 2023, a total length of about 4773 km.[5]

Toll

All the motorways are toll roads. The toll is based on the distance traveled. The toll can be paid only with RFID-based HGS and OGS. Cash and KGS card payment methods have been abolished in recent years. Apart from motorways, the other state roads in Turkey are free of charge. The revenue from tolls in 2001 were still about $203 million, rising by 2012 to approximately $542 million. In 2012, the Bosphorus bridges saw 150 million vehicles pass and the other toll roads saw over 210 million vehicles.[6]

Standards

Mainly because the country already has a wide network of double carriageways, the standards for motorways in comparison are very high. Each direction has at least 3 lanes, aside from the İzmit Bypass and a small stretch of the Otoyol 3 between Silivri and Esenyurt which only have 2. The lanes are each 3.75 meters wide. Most exits have a connection road, which helps avoiding wrong-way driving and illegal access to the road (bikes, tractors and horses are not allowed on otoyols).

The minimum speed is 40 km/h (25 miles per hour) and the maximum allowed speed is 120 km/h (75 miles per hour), although speeding is not punished under 132 km/h (82 miles per hour).

Alongside otoyols, there are resting areas, which are standardized as A, B, C and D type service areas. The D type is mainly a parking area. The C type has a fuel station added. The B type has a fuel station and a vehicle service station added. The A type additionally has a motel.

Dangerous stretches such as tunnels or bridges where there is often fog, exits, interchanges and service areas are illuminated.

Since gradients are expected to be very low and turning radii are expected to be very high, otoyols have many bridges and tunnels which makes them very expensive.

Projects

Under construction:

  • Gebze-Orhangazi-Izmir Motorway (Otoyol 5)
  • Kuzey Marmara Motorway (Otoyol 6)
  • Remaining parts of the Izmir Bypass (Otoyol 30)

Being planned:[7]

  • Ankara-Niğde Motorway (Otoyol 21)
  • Yalova-İzmit Motorway
  • Bursa-Sivrihisar Motorway (Otoyol 22)
  • Kınalı-Tekirdağ-Çanakkale-Balıkesir Motorway (including a Bridge over the Dardanelles)
  • Aliağa-Çandarlı Motorway
  • Aydın-Denizli-Burdur Motorway
  • Afyon-Antalya-Alanya Motorway
  • Ankara-İzmir Motorway
  • Mersin-Silifke Motorway
  • Şanlıurfa-Habur Motorway (including link to Diyarbakır)
  • Gerede-Merzifon-Gürbulak Motorway
  • Ankara-Delice-Samsun Motorway (including Samsun Bypass)

List of motorways

Nr. Name Length Course Map
O-1 otoyolu.png Boğaziçi Köprüsü Otoyolu

(Bosporus bridge motorway)

 25 km Istanbul – O-3 otoyolu.png – Bosporus Bridge – Istanbul – O-4 otoyolu.png Course of O-1
O-2 otoyolu.png İstanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Köprüsü - Anadolu Otoyolu

(Istanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge- Anatolian Motorway)

 37 km O-3 otoyolu.png – Istanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge – Istanbul – O-4 otoyolu.png Verlauf der O-2
O-3 otoyolu.png Edirne – İstanbul Otoyolu

(Edirne–Istanbul Motorway)

 229 km Bulgaria Tabliczka RO A4.svg – Edirne – Lüleburgaz – Çorlu – Istanbul – O-2 otoyolu.png – O-1 otoyolu.png Verlauf der O-3
O-4 otoyolu.png İstanbul - Ankara Otoyolu

(İstanbul-Ankara Motorway)

 407 km Istanbul – O-1 otoyolu.png – O-1 otoyolu.png – Gebze – İzmit – Düzce – Bolu – Gerede – Ankara – O-20 otoyolu.png Verlauf der O-4
35px Istanbul – Bursa Otoyolu

(Istanbul-Bursa Motorway)

 80 km O-4 otoyolu.png at Gebze – İzmit Bay Bridge - Altinova – Yalova – Gemlik – Bursa – 35px Verlauf der O-5
O-20 otoyolu.png Ankara Çevre Otoyolu

(Ankara-Ring motorway)

 110 km O-4 otoyolu.png – Ring around Ankara Verlauf der O-20
O-21 otoyolu.png Tarsus-Ankara-Otoyolu

(Tarsus-Ankara motorway)

 69 km Tarsus – O-51 otoyolu.png – Pozantı Verlauf der O-21
35px İzmir Çevre Otoyolu

(Izmir-Ring motorway)

 40 km 35px – O-31 otoyolu.png – Ring around Izmir Verlauf der O-30
O-31 otoyolu.png İzmir - Aydın Otoyolu

(Izmir-Aydın motorway)

 97 km Izmir – 35px – Aydın Verlauf der O-31
35px İzmir – Çeşme Otoyolu

(Izmir-Çeşme motorway)

 79 km Izmir – 35px – Urla – Çeşme Verlauf der O-32
35px Bursa Çevre Otoyolu

(Bursa-Ring motorway)

 54 km Partial ring around Bursa Verlauf der O-33
O-50 otoyolu.png Adana Otoyolu

(Adana motorway)

 23 km O-51 otoyolu.png – Adana – O-52 otoyolu.png Verlauf der O-50
O-51 otoyolu.png Adana – Mersin Otoyolu

(Adana-Mersin motorway)

 88 km O-50 otoyolu.png – Adana – O-21 otoyolu.png – Tarsus – Mersin Verlauf der O-51
O-52 otoyolu.png Adana – Şanlıurfa Otoyolu

(Adana-Şanlıurfa motorway)

 365 km O-50 otoyolu.png – Adana – Ceyhan – O-53 otoyolu.png} – Osmaniye – Gaziantep − O-54 otoyolu.png – Nizip – Şanlıurfa Verlauf der O-52
O-53 otoyolu.png Toprakkale – İskenderun Otoyolu

(Toprakkale-İskenderun motorway)

 150 km O-52 otoyolu.png – Dörtyol – İskenderun Verlauf der O-53
O-54 otoyolu.png Gaziantep Çevre Otoyolu

(Gaziantep-Ring motorway)

 35 km O-52 otoyolu.png – Partial ring around Gaziantep Verlauf der O-54


See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ Also quite widely called otoban, which is the Turkish spelling of the German word Autobahn
  2. ↑ http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Kurumsal/YolAgi.aspx
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Infrastrukturprojekte sollen die türkische Bauwirtschaft ankurbeln, Germany Trade and Invest, 24. November 2009
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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