List of premiers of New Brunswick
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The Canadian province of New Brunswick was a British crown colony before it joined Canada in 1867.[1] It had a system of responsible government beginning in 1854, and has kept its own legislature to deal with provincial matters.[2] New Brunswick has a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the premier is the leader of the party that has the confidence of the Legislative Assembly to form a government. The premier is New Brunswick's head of government, and the king of Canada is its head of state and is represented by the lieutenant governor of New Brunswick. The premier picks a cabinet from the elected members to form the Executive Council of New Brunswick, and presides over that body.[3]
Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every five years from the date of the last election, but the premier may ask for early dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. An election may also take place if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion.[3]
New Brunswick has had 37 individuals serve as first minister. The province had five individuals as leaders while a colony, and 32 individuals after Canadian Confederation, of which two were from the Confederation Party, 11 from the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, 16 from the New Brunswick Liberal Association, one from the Anti-Confederation Party, and seven with unofficial party affiliations.
Premiers of New Brunswick
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) District |
Term of office | Electoral mandates (Assembly) | Political party | Refs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leader of the Government of the Colony of New Brunswick (1854–1867) | |||||||||
| 1 |
 |
Charles Fisher (1808–1880) MLA for York |
– |
Non-partisan | [4] | ||||
| 2 |
 |
John Hamilton Gray (1814–1889) MLA for Saint John County |
– |
Non-partisan | [5] | ||||
| 3 |
|
Charles Fisher (1808–1880) MLA for York |
– |
Non-partisan | [4] | ||||
| 4 |
 |
Samuel Leonard Tilley (1818–1896) MLA for Saint John City |
– |
|
Non-partisan
|
||||
| 5 |
 |
Albert James Smith (1822–1883) MLA for Westmorland |
– |
Anti-Confederation | [6] | ||||
| 6 |
 |
Peter Mitchell (1824–1899) Legislative Councillor for colony at-large |
– |
|
Confederation Named leader in 1866 |
[7] | |||
| Premiers of the province of New Brunswick since Confederation (1867–present) | |||||||||
| 1 |
 |
Andrew R. Wetmore (1820–1892) MLA for Saint John City |
– |
|
Confederation Named leader in 1867 |
[8] | |||
| 2* |
 |
George E. King (1839–1901) MLA for Saint John County |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1870 |
[9] |
|||
| 3 |
|
George L. Hathaway (1813–1872) MLA for York |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1871 |
||||
| 4* |
|
George E. King (1839–1901) MLA for Saint John County |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1872 |
[9] | |||
| 5 |
 |
John James Fraser (1829–1896) MLA for York |
– |
Conservative Named leader in 1878 |
[10] | ||||
| 6 |
|
Daniel L. Hanington (1835–1909) MLA for Westmorland |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1882 |
[11] | |||
| 7 |
 |
Andrew G. Blair (1844–1907) MLA for York MLA for Queens |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1879 |
[12] | |||
| 8 |
|
James Mitchell (1843–1897) MLA for Charlotte |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1896 |
||||
| 9 |
 |
Henry Emmerson (1853–1914) MLA for Albert |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1897 |
[13] | |||
| 10 |
 |
Lemuel J. Tweedie (1849–1917) MLA for Northumberland |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1900 |
||||
| 11 |
 |
William Pugsley (1850–1925) MLA for Kings |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1907 |
||||
| 12 |
 |
Clifford W. Robinson (1866–1947) MLA for Westmorland |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1907 |
||||
| 13 |
 |
John Douglas Hazen (1860–1937) MLA for Sunbury |
– |
Conservative Named leader in 1899 |
|||||
| 14 |
|
James Kidd Flemming (1868–1927) MLA for Carleton |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1911 |
[14] | |||
| 15 |
|
George Clarke (1857–1917) MLA for Charlotte |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1914 |
[15] | |||
| 16 |
|
James A. Murray (1864–1960) MLA for Kings |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1917 |
[16] | |||
| 17 |
 |
Walter E. Foster (1873–1947) MLA for Victoria MLA for Saint John City |
– |
Liberal Named leader in 1916 |
[17] | ||||
| 18 |
 |
Peter J. Veniot (1863–1936) MLA for Gloucester |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1923 |
[18] | |||
| 19 | John B. M. Baxter (1868–1946) MLA for Saint John County |
– |
Conservative Named leader in 1925 |
[19] | |||||
| 20 | Charles D. Richards (1879–1956) MLA for York |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1931 |
[20] | ||||
| 21 |
 |
Leonard P. D. Tilley (1870–1947) MLA for Saint John City |
– |
|
Conservative Named leader in 1933 |
[21] | |||
| 22 |
 |
Allison A. Dysart (1880–1962) MLA for Kent |
– |
Liberal Named leader in 1926 |
[22] | ||||
| 23 | John B. McNair (1889–1968) MLA for Victoria MLA for York |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1940 |
|||||
| 24 |
|
Hugh John Flemming (1899–1982) MLA for Carleton |
– |
PC Named leader in 1951 |
|||||
| 25 |
 |
Louis Joseph Robichaud (1925–2005) MLA for Kent |
– |
Liberal Named leader in 1958 |
|||||
| 26 |
|
Richard Bennett Hatfield (1931–1991) MLA for Carleton MLA for Carleton Centre |
– |
PC Named leader in 1967 |
|||||
| 27 |
 |
Frank McKenna (b. 1948) MLA for Chatham MLA for Miramichi-Bay du Vin |
– |
Liberal Named leader in 1985 |
[23] | ||||
| 28 |
|
Ray Frenette (1935–2018) MLA for Moncton East |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1997 |
||||
| 29 | Camille Thériault (b. 1955) MLA for Kent South |
– |
|
Liberal Named leader in 1998 |
|||||
| 30 |
 |
Bernard Lord (b. 1965) MLA for Moncton East |
– |
PC Named leader in 1997 |
|||||
| 31 |
 |
Shawn Graham (b. 1968) MLA for Kent |
– |
Liberal Named leader in 2002 |
|||||
| 32 |
 |
David Alward (b. 1959) MLA for Woodstock |
– |
PC Named leader in 2008 |
|||||
| 33 | Brian Gallant (b. 1982) MLA for Shediac Bay-Dieppe |
– |
Liberal Named leader in 2012 |
||||||
| 34 | Blaine Higgs (b. 1954) MLA for Quispamsis |
– |
|
PC Named leader in 2016 |
|||||
| 35 | Susan Holt (b. 1977) MLA for Fredericton South-Silverwood |
– |
Liberal Named leader in 2022 |
||||||
|
* The New Brunswick practice is to count George E. King as the 2nd and 4th premier.[24] |
|||||||||
See also
References
- General
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- Specific
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| British Crown colony (1854–67) |
|
|---|---|
| Canadian Province (1867–present) |
|
| Lieutenant Governor |
 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Premier |
|
|
| Opposition Leader | ||
| Speaker of the Assembly | ||
| Legislature | ||
| Political parties | ||
| Elections | ||
| Current issues | ||
| Other Canadian politics | ||
|
Lists of Canadian first ministers
|
|
|---|---|
| Cross-Canada | |
| Federal | |
| Provincial | |
| Territorial | |
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