Melun

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For other uses, see Melun (disambiguation).
Melun
Prefecture and commune
Town hall
Town hall
Coat of arms of Melun
Coat of arms
Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
Country France
Region Île-de-France
Department Seine-et-Marne
Arrondissement Melun
Canton Melun
Intercommunality CA Melun Val de Seine
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Louis Vogel (Agir)
Area1 8.04 km2 (3.10 sq mi)
Population (Jan. 2018)2 Lua error in Module:Wd at line 405: invalid escape sequence near '"^'.
INSEE/Postal code 77288 / 77000
Elevation 37–102 m (121–335 ft)
(avg. 54 m or 177 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Melun (French pronunciation: [məlœ̃] ( listen)) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. It is located in the southeastern suburbs of Paris about Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). from the centre of Paris. Melun is the prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of one of its arrondissements. Its inhabitants are called Melunais.

History

Meledunum began as a Gaulish town; Caesar noted Melun as "a town of the Senones, situated on an island in the Seine"; at the island there was a wooden bridge, which his men repaired.[1] Roman Meledunum was a mutatio where fresh horses were kept available for official couriers on the Roman road south-southeast of Paris, where it forded the Seine.[2] Around 500 A.D, Clovis I granted Melun to a Gallo-Roman magnate, Aurelianus, who had fought for Clovis several times and apparently influenced his conversion to Christianity.[3]

The Normans sacked it in 845. The castle of Melun became a royal residence of the Capetian kings. Hugh Capet (See also: House of Capet) gave Melun to Bouchard, his favorite. In the reign of Hugh's son, Robert II of France, Eudes, the count of Champagne, bought the city, but the king took it back for Bouchard in 999. The chatelain Gautier and his wife, who had sold the city, were hanged; Eudes escaped. Robert died there in July 1031.

Robert of Melun (c. 1100 – 27 February 1167) was an English scholastic Christian theologian who taught in France, and later became Bishop of Hereford in England. He studied under Peter Abelard in Paris before teaching there and at Melun, which gave him his surname.

In July 1415, Melun was besieged by King Henry V of England, who had recently signed the Treaty of Troyes with King Charles VI of France. The town was in the hands of the Dauphin, later Charles VII of France, who had been dispossessed by the treaty. The defenders were led by Arnaud Guillaume, seigneur de Barbazan, and fought off the besiegers for fourteen weeks before capitulating.[4] The town was liberated by Joan of Arc on 17 April 1430.

Counts of Melun

Viscounts of Melun

The early viscounts of Melun were listed by 17th and 18th century genealogists, notably Père Anselme. Based on closer reading of the original documents, Adolphe Duchalais constructed this list of viscounts in 1844:[5]

  • Salo (c. 993; possibly legendary)
  • Joscelin I (c. 998)
  • William (possibly c. 1000)
  • Ursio (c. 1067–1085)
  • William the Carpenter (c. 1094)
  • Hilduin, Garin, Ursio II, Jean (unknown dates, possibly not viscounts)
  • Adam (c. 1138–1141; married Mahaut, daughter of his predecessor)
  • Joscelin II (c. 1156)

The title eventually became an honorary peerage. Such viscounts include Honoré Armand de Villars and Claude Louis Hector de Villars.

Watercolor postcard showing Melun in the 1920s and circa 1095.

Population

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1793 5,500 —    
1800 6,111 +1.52%
1806 6,818 +1.84%
1821 6,992 +0.17%
1831 6,622 −0.54%
1836 6,846 +0.67%
1841 8,950 +5.51%
1846 9,151 +0.45%
1851 10,395 +2.58%
1856 10,312 −0.16%
1861 11,170 +1.61%
1866 11,408 +0.42%
1872 11,130 −0.41%
1876 11,241 +0.25%
1881 12,145 +1.56%
1886 12,564 +0.68%
1891 12,792 +0.36%
1896 13,641 +1.29%
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1901 13,059 −0.87%
1906 13,908 +1.27%
1911 14,861 +1.33%
1921 14,657 −0.14%
1926 15,928 +1.68%
1931 16,356 +0.53%
1936 17,499 +1.36%
1946 17,573 +0.04%
1954 20,219 +1.77%
1962 26,873 +3.62%
1968 34,518 +4.26%
1975 37,712 +1.27%
1982 35,005 −1.06%
1990 35,319 +0.11%
1999 35,695 +0.12%
2007 37,835 +0.73%
2012 40,503 +1.37%
2017 40,032 −0.23%
Source: EHESS[6] and INSEE (1968-2017)[7]

Climate

Climate data for Melun (1981–2010 averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)		 21.2
(70.2)		 25.6
(78.1)		 29.5
(85.1)		 31.2
(88.2)		 36.8
(98.2)		 39.4
(102.9)		 38.9
(102)		 33.8
(92.8)		 29.4
(84.9)		 22.1
(71.8)		 17.6
(63.7)		 39.4
(102.9)
Average high °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5)		 7.8
(46)		 12.0
(53.6)		 15.3
(59.5)		 19.3
(66.7)		 22.5
(72.5)		 25.2
(77.4)		 25.0
(77)		 21.1
(70)		 16.2
(61.2)		 10.3
(50.5)		 6.8
(44.2)		 15.7
(60.3)
Average low °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8)		 1.0
(33.8)		 3.1
(37.6)		 5.0
(41)		 8.8
(47.8)		 11.6
(52.9)		 13.5
(56.3)		 13.2
(55.8)		 10.4
(50.7)		 7.8
(46)		 3.9
(39)		 1.8
(35.2)		 6.8
(44.2)
Record low °C (°F) −19.8
(−3.6)		 −19.7
(−3.5)		 −10.3
(13.5)		 −4.6
(23.7)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 1.6
(34.9)		 4.0
(39.2)		 3.5
(38.3)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −9.3
(15.3)		 −14.8
(5.4)		 −19.8
(−3.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 55.1
(2.169)		 47.6
(1.874)		 51.0
(2.008)		 53.7
(2.114)		 64.6
(2.543)		 53.9
(2.122)		 61.3
(2.413)		 53.4
(2.102)		 56.1
(2.209)		 63.6
(2.504)		 55.2
(2.173)		 61.4
(2.417)		 676.9
(26.65)
Average precipitation days 11.0 9.9 10.6 9.8 10.8 8.7 8.2 7.8 8.4 9.9 10.6 11.4 117.2
Average relative humidity (%) 88 83 79 73 75 74 73 74 78 85 88 89 79.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62.6 79.6 136.5 178.3 211.7 226.5 229.3 221.7 174.8 118.0 65.4 48.2 1,752.5
Source #1: Météo France[8][9]
Source #2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, 1961–1990)[10]

Transport

File:MelunSHIELD.jpg
Melun Shield dating from the 15th century – "Melun (Seine-et-Marne): Azure on a semy-de-lys or a castle with three towers argent. Melun was one of the original strongholds of the royal domain. Motto: fida muris usque ad mures, recalling the siege of 1420 when inhabitants had to eat rats." http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/frcitdep.htm

Melun is served by the Gare de Melun, which is an interchange station on Paris RER line D, on the Transilien R suburban rail line, and on several national rail lines.

Main sights

The Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame, Melun was the original home of the Melun Diptych.

The nearby château of Vaux-le-Vicomte is considered a smaller predecessor of Palace of Versailles.

The officers' school of the French Gendarmerie is located in Melun.

People

Melun is the birthplace of:

Education

File:Lycée Jacques Amyot.jpg
Lycée Jacques-Amyot

A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located in Melun.

Public high schools/sixth form colleges:[11]

There is one private high school/sixth form college:[11]

Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Melun is twinned with:[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gallic War vii. 58, 60.
  2. ↑ Meledunum appears in the Antonine Itinerary almost halfway between Lutetia (Paris) and Condate (Rennes) ('Meledunum").
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Adolphe Duchalais, "Charte inedité de l’an 1138, relative à l’histoire des viscomtes de Melun" (Bibliothèque de l’école des chartes vol. 6 no. 6, 1845).
  6. ↑ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Melun, EHESS. Script error: No such module "In lang".
  7. ↑ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Liste des établissements scolaires Archived 21 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine." Melun. Consulté le 29 août 2016.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

  • Initial text from the "Carpenters' Encyclopedia of Carpenters 2001" Compiled by John R. Carpenter.
  • The Viscounts and Counts of Melun are listed in Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, Neue Folge, Volume VII, Tafels 55 & 56.

External links

  1. REDIRECT Template:Prefectures of French departments

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