Molniya (satellite)
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Molniya (Russian: Молния; IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] (
listen), "Lightning") was a military communications satellite system used by the Soviet Union. The satellites were placed into highly eccentric elliptical orbits known as Molniya orbits, characterised by an inclination of +63.4 degrees and a period of around 12 hours. Such orbits allowed them to remain visible to sites in polar regions for extended periods, unlike geostationary satellites in geosynchronous orbits with a 24-hour orbital period.[1]
The Molniya program was authorized by a government decree in late 1960. After some initial failures in 1964, the first operational satellite, Molniya 1-01, was successfully launched on April 23, 1965.
Since October 1967, Molniya satellites have been used by Russia to broadcast their national Orbita television network.
References
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