Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

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Opinion polling on the referendum since 2013, showing 'remain' in green, 'leave' in red, and 'undecided' in blue (updated 31 May 2016)

Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum has been ongoing in the months since the announcement of a referendum, and polls on the general principle of Britain's membership of the European Union have been carried out for a number of years. The referendum on EU membership will take place on 23 June 2016.

There is a contrast between opinion polls of voters in general, which tend to be close, and polls of business leaders, lawyers, and scientists. In all three groups, clear majorities see the UK's membership of the EU as beneficial.

Analysis

Demographics

Younger voters tend to support remaining in the EU (but are less likely to vote[1]) whereas older people tend to support leaving. There is no significant difference in attitudes between the genders. High-skilled workers and university graduates are most likely to favour staying in the EU while the low-skilled and those with no qualifications are most likely to favour leaving.[2] White voters are evenly split, and all ethnic minority groups lean towards backing Remain, but registration is lower and turnout could be up to 25% lower in this demographic.[3] Support for remaining in the EU is significantly higher in Scotland than it is in Great Britain as a whole, with Scottish voters saying they are more likely to vote.[4]

Polling methods

The way voters are polled is known to affect the outcome. Telephone polls have consistently found more support for remaining in the EU than online polls.[5] YouGov, which uses online polling, has criticised telephone polls because they "have too high a percentage of graduates", skewing the results.[6] Ipsos Mori and ComRes, and Peter Kellner, the former president of YouGov, have said telephone polls are more reliable.[7][8][9] ICM has said "as good a guess as any is that the right answer lies somewhere in between".[10] A joint study by Populus and Number Cruncher Politics in March 2016 concluded that telephone polls were likely to better reflect the state of public opinion on the issue.[11]

Standard polling on EU membership

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

The tables show polling on whether the UK should be in or out of the EU. Polling generally weights the sample to be nationally representative. Polls are usually conducted within Great Britain, with Northern Ireland and Gibraltar normally omitted from the sample.[12] This has historically been the case in UK opinion polling because Northern Ireland has a different set of political parties from the rest of the UK, reflecting the political divide between unionism and nationalism or republicanism.[12] Similarly, Gibraltar is not included in standard polls because it has its own local legislature and does not take part in UK parliamentary elections, although Gibraltar does take part in elections to the European Parliament and will take part in the referendum.

The percentages who "would not vote" or who refused to answer are not shown below, although some pollsters have excluded these in any case.

2016

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Undecided Sample Conducted by Polling type Notes
30–31 May 41% 41% 13% 1,735 YouGov Online
27–29 May 42% 45% 15% 1,004 ICM Telephone Paired telephone/online polls by otherwise identical methodology
44% 47% 9% 2,052 Online
25–29 May 51% 46% 3% 800 ORB Telephone
27 May Purdah begins: local and central government are prohibited from making announcements in a way that could affect the outcome of the referendum.[13][14]
26 May Office for National Statistics publishes its last quarterly report on migration before the referendum.[15]

TV debate for young voters shown on BBC One.[16]
20–25 May 44% 45% 12% 1,638 BMG Research Online
24 May 44% 38% 18% 1,013 Survation Telephone
23–24 May 41% 41% 13% 1,756 YouGov Online
20–22 May 45% 45% 10% 2,003 ICM Online
18–22 May 55% 42% 3% 800 ORB Telephone Poll was said to reflect the private polling conducted for the government[17]
17–19 May 44% 40% 14% 2,008 Opinium Online
16–17 May 44% 40% 12% 1,648 YouGov Online
14–17 May 52% 41% 7% 1,000 ComRes Telephone
14–16 May 55% 37% 5% 1,002 Ipsos MORI Telephone
13–15 May 47% 39% 14% 1,002 ICM Telephone Paired telephone/online polls by otherwise identical methodology
43% 47% 10% 2,048 Online
11–15 May 55% 40% 5% 800 ORB Telephone
10–12 May 38% 41% 21% 1,222 TNS Online
29 Apr–12 May 36% 39% 22% 996 YouGov Telephone
29 Apr–12 May 38% 40% 16% 1,973 YouGov Online
6–8 May 44% 46% 11% 2,005 ICM Online
4–6 May 42% 40% 13% 3,378 YouGov Online Remainder "won't vote"
29 Apr–3 May 44% 45% 11% 2,040 ICM Online
27–29 Apr 43% 46% 11% 2,029 ICM Online
26–29 Apr 42% 41% 14% 2,005 Opinium Online 24% of respondents preferred not to say; the stated percentages are of the other 76%
27–29 Apr 49% 51% N/A 2,000 ORB Online
26–28 Apr 39% 36% 26% 1,221 TNS Online
25–26 Apr 41% 42% 13% 1,650 YouGov Online Remainder "won't vote"
25–26 Apr 45% 38% 17% 1,003 Survation Telephone
22–26 Apr 43% 45% 13% 2,001 BMG Research Online
22–24 Apr 44% 46% 10% 2,001 ICM Online
20–24 Apr 51% 43% 6% 800 ORB Telephone
22 April President of the United States Barack Obama comments on the referendum debate, supporting the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union.[18]
16–19 Apr 51% 40% 9% 1,002 ComRes Telephone
16–18 Apr 49% 39% 8% 1,026 Ipsos MORI Telephone
15–17 May 48% 41% 11% 1,003 ICM Telephone Paired telephone/online polls by otherwise identical methodology
43% 44% 13% 2,008 Online
13–17 Apr 53% 41% 6% 800 ORB Telephone
15 April The EU referendum campaign officially begins.[19]
12–14 Apr 38% 34% 28% 1,198 TNS Online
12–14 Apr 40% 39% 16% 3,371 YouGov Online Remainder "won't vote"
13 April The Electoral Commission chooses Vote Leave and Britain Stronger in Europe as the official Leave and Remain campaigns.[20][21]
11–12 Apr 39% 39% 17% 1,693 YouGov Online Remainder "won't vote"
7–11 Apr 35% 35% 30% 1,198 TNS Online
8–10 Apr 45% 38% 17% 1,002 ComRes Telephone
8–10 Apr 42% 45% 12% 2,030 ICM Online
7 April HM Government starts sending a pro-Remain pamphlet to 27 million UK households and begins a pro-Remain digital advertising campaign.[22][23]
6–7 Apr 40% 38% 16% 1,612 YouGov Online Remainder "won't vote"
29 Mar–4 Apr 39% 38% 18% 3,754 YouGov Online Remainder "won't vote"
1–3 Apr 44% 43% 13% 2,007 ICM Online
29 Mar–3 Apr 51% 44% 5% 800 ORB Telephone
29 Mar–1 Apr 39% 43% 18% 1,966 Opinium Online
24–29 Mar 35% 35% 30% 1,193 TNS Online
24–29 Mar 41% 45% 14% 1,518 BMG Research Online Includes Northern Ireland
24–28 Mar 51% 49% N/A 2,002 ORB Online
22–24 Mar 45% 43% 12% 1,970 ICM Online Original poll is no longer available on ICM Unlimted
19–22 Mar 49% 41% 10% 1,023 Ipsos MORI Telephone
17–22 Mar 40% 37% 19% 1,688 YouGov Online Remainder "won't vote"
18–20 Mar 48% 41% 11% 1,002 ComRes Telephone
18–20 Mar 41% 43% 17% 2,000 ICM Online
17–19 Mar 46% 35% 19% 1,006 Survation Telephone Includes Northern Ireland
11–14 Mar 47% 49% 4% 823 ORB Telephone
11–13 Mar 43% 41% 16% 2,031 ICM Online
4–11 Mar 45% 40% 16% 2,282 Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research Online
2–10 Mar 48% 45% 7% 4,047 Populus/Number Cruncher Politics Online
4–6 Mar 49% 35% 15% 966 Populus/Number Cruncher Politics Telephone
4–6 Mar 40% 41% 19% 2,051 ICM Online
2–3 Mar 40% 37% 18% 1,695 YouGov Online
1–2 Mar 40% 35% 19% 1,705 YouGov Online
29 Feb–1 Mar 39% 37% 19% 2,233 YouGov Online
26–29 Feb 41% 41% 18% 2,003 ICM Online
26–28 Feb 39% 45% 18% 2,071 Populus/Number Cruncher Politics Online
26–28 Feb 48% 37% 15% 1,002 Populus/Number Cruncher Politics Telephone
24–25 Feb 48% 52% N/A 2,014 ORB Online
21–23 Feb 37% 38% 25% 3,482 YouGov Online
20 Feb David Cameron announces the date of UK's In/Out EU referendum after an EU summit in Brussels.[24]
17–23 Feb 38% 36% 25% 1,517 BMG Research Online Includes Northern Ireland
19–22 Feb 42% 40% 17% 2,021 ICM Online
19–22 Feb 51% 39% 10% 1,000 ComRes Telephone
13–20 Feb 45% 32% 23% 938 Survation Telephone
18–19 Feb 40% 41% 19% 1,033 Opinium Online Conducted before the conclusion of the negotiations; exact time frame was not communicated
13–16 Feb 54% 36% 10% 497 Ipsos MORI Telephone
11–15 Feb 36% 39% 25% 1,079 TNS Online
12–14 Feb 43% 39% 18% 2,001 ICM Online Original poll is no longer available on ICM Unlimted
11–14 Feb 49% 41% 10% 1,105 ComRes Telephone
5–7 Feb 41% 42% 17% 2,018 ICM Online
3–4 Feb 36% 45% 19% 1,675 YouGov/The Times Online
29–31 Jan 42% 39% 19% 2,002 ICM Online
27–28 Jan 38% 42% 20% 1,735 YouGov Online
23–25 Jan 55% 36% 9% 513 Ipsos MORI Telephone
21–25 Jan 44% 42% 14% 1,511 BMG Research Online Includes Northern Ireland
22–24 Jan 54% 36% 10% 1,006 ComRes Telephone
22–24 Jan 41% 41% 18% 2,010 ICM Online
20–21 Jan 52% 48% N/A 2,015 ORB Online
15–17 Jan 42% 40% 17% 2,023 ICM Online
15–16 Jan 38% 40% 22% 1,017 Survation Online Includes Northern Ireland
8–14 Jan 42% 45% 12% 2,087 Panelbase Online
8–10 Jan 44% 38% 18% 2,055 ICM Online

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

Sub-national polling

England

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by
9–16 September 2015 40% 43% 17% 1,712 YouGov

England & Wales

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by
26 June–3 July 2015 42% 43% 15% 956 Panelbase/Sunday Times

London

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by
4–6 January 2016 39% 34% 27% 1,156 YouGov/LBC
17–19 November 2014 45% 37% 14% 1,124 YouGov/The Evening Standard
20–25 June 2013 41% 39% 20% 1,269 YouGov/Evening Standard

Northern Ireland

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by
19–21 October 2015 56% 28% 15% 2,517 Lucid Talk
2–16 October 2015 55% 13% 32% 1,012 BBC/RTÉ

Scotland

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by
1-2 May 2016 58% 19% 19% 1,024 Survation/Daily Record
23-28 April 2016 57% 33% 11% 1,074 Panelbase/Sunday Times
18-25 April 2016 66% 29% 5% 1,015 Ipsos MORI/STV
1-24 April 2016 48% 21% 31% 1,012 TNS
15-20 April 2016 54% 28% 17% 1,005 Survation/Daily Record
11-15 April 2016 55% 35% 9% 1,013 BMG Research/Herald
6-15 April 2016 55% 33% 12% 1,021 Panelbase/Sunday Times
2-22 March 2016 51% 19% 29% 1,051 TNS
10-17 March 2016 53% 29% 17% 1,051 Survation/Daily Record
7–9 March 2016 48% 31% 21% 1,070 YouGov
11–16 February 2016 52% 27% 21% 951 Survation
1–7 February 2016 62% 26% 12% 1,000 Ipsos MORI
1–4 February 2016 55% 28% 18% 1,022 YouGov/The Times
6–25 January 2016 44% 21% 29% 1,016 TNS
8–14 January 2016 54% 30% 16% 1,053 Panelbase/Sunday Times
8–12 January 2016 52% 27% 21% 1,029 Survation/Daily Record
9–16 November 2015 65% 22% 13% 1,029 Ipsos MORI
9–13 October 2015 51% 31% 17% 1,026 YouGov/Times
9–30 September 2015 47% 18% 29% 1,037 TNS
22–27 September 2015 55% 30% 15% 1,004 YouGov
7–10 September 2015 51% 29% 20% 975 Survation/Scottish Daily Mail
26 June–3 July 2015 55% 29% 16% 1,002 Panelbase/Sunday Times
3–7 July 2015 51% 26% 23% 1,045 Survation/Scottish Daily Mail
13–30 May 2015 49% 19% 26% 1,031 TNS BMRB
19–21 May 2015 54% 25% 21% 1,001 YouGov/Sunday Post
29 January–2 February 2015 52% 29% 17% 1,001 YouGov/The Times
9–14 January 2015 42% 37% 21% 1,007 Panelbase/Wings Over Scotland
6–13 November 2014 47% 35% 18% 1,001 Survation/Daily Record
30 October−5 November 2014 41% 38% 19% 1,000 Panelbase/Wings Over Scotland
4–9 February 2013 54% 33% 13% 1,003 Ipsos MORI/The Times

Wales

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by
7–11 April 2016 38% 39% 16% 1,011 YouGov
9–11 February 2016 37% 45% 18% 1,024 YouGov
21–24 September 2015 42% 38% 21% 1,010 YouGov
4–6 May 2015 47% 33% 16% 1,202 YouGov/ITV Wales
24–27 March 2015 44% 38% 14% 1,189 YouGov/ITV Wales
5–9 March 2015 43% 36% 17% 1,279 YouGov/ITV Wales
19–26 February 2015 63% 33% 4% 1,000 ICM/BBC
19–21 January 2015 44% 36% 16% 1,036 YouGov/ITV Wales
2–5 December 2014 42% 39% 15% 1,131 YouGov/ITV Wales
8–11 September 2014 43% 37% 15% 1,025 YouGov/ITV Wales
26 June–1 July 2014 41% 36% 18% 1,035 YouGov/ITV Wales
21–24 February 2014 54% 40% 6% 1,000 ICM/BBC
14–25 June 2013 29% 37% 35% 1,015 Beaufort Research

Gibraltar

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by
11-15 April 2016 88% 8% 3% 506 Gibraltar Chronicle

Renegotiated terms

The UK government plans to renegotiate its membership of the European Union before holding the referendum.[26][27] Some opinion polls have asked the referendum question under the hypothesis that the UK government says that it is satisfied with the renegotiation.[28]

Date(s) conducted Remain Leave Unsure Sample Held by Notes
1–2 June 2015 55% 24% 18% 1,063 YouGov/Prospect Northern Ireland not sampled
8–9 May 2015 58% 24% 16% 1,302 YouGov/Sunday Times Northern Ireland not sampled
3–4 May 2015 56% 20% 20% 1,664 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
19–20 April 2015 57% 22% 17% 2,078 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
22–23 March 2015 57% 22% 18% 1,641 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
22–23 February 2015 57% 21% 17% 1,772 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
25–26 January 2015 54% 25% 16% 1,656 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
18–19 January 2015 57% 21% 19% 1,747 YouGov/British Influence Northern Ireland not sampled
14–15 Dec 2014 55% 24% 16% 1,648 YouGov/The Sun
30 Nov – 1 Dec 2014 55% 25% 17% 1,763 YouGov/The Sun
17–19 November 2014 58% 25% 13% 1,124 YouGov / The Evening Standard
16–17 November 2014 58% 24% 14% 1,589 YouGov / The Sun
4–7 November 2014 40% 43% 17% 1,707 Opinium/The Observer
2–3 November 2014 52% 27% 15% 1,652 YouGov / The Sun
19–20 October 2014 55% 24% 17% 1,727 YouGov / The Sun
21–22 September 2014 54% 25% 16% 1,671 YouGov / The Sun
25–26 August 2014 54% 26% 16% 2,021 YouGov / The Sun
10–11 August 2014 54% 23% 18% 1,676 YouGov / The Sun
13–14 July 2014 52% 25% 19% 1,745 YouGov / The Sun
29–30 June 2014 54% 23% 17% 1,729 YouGov / The Sun
15–16 June 2014 57% 22% 16% 1,696 YouGov / The Sun
18–19 May 2014 53% 24% 18% 1,740 YouGov Northern Ireland not sampled
24–25 April 2014 50% 26% 18% 1,835 YouGov/Sunday Times Northern Ireland not sampled
21–22 April 2014 52% 26% 18% 2,190 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
23–24 March 2014 54% 25% 17% 2,190 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
9–10 March 2014 52% 27% 16% 3,195 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
9–10 February 2014 47% 27% 18% 1,685 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
12–13 January 2014 48% 29% 18% 1,762 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
12–13 May 2013 45% 33% 19% 1,748 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
9–10 May 2013 45% 32% 20% 1,945 YouGov/Sunday Times Northern Ireland not sampled
7–8 April 2013 46% 31% 17% 1,765 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled
17–18 February 2013 52% 28% 14% 1,713 YouGov/The Sun Northern Ireland not sampled

Polling within professional groups

Business leaders

The British Chambers of Commerce surveyed 2,200 business leaders in January and February of 2016. Of these, 60% supported remaining in the EU and 30% supported exit. In a further poll published in May, these numbers had changed to 54% and 37% respectively.[29][30]

The Confederation of British Industry reported a survey of 773 of its members, carried out by ComRes. With numbers adjusted to reflect CBI membership, the poll indicated that 80% of CBI members saw a "remain" outcome as the best outcome for their business, with 5% seeing "leave" as the best outcome.[31][32][33]

In a poll of 350 board directors of UK businesses, published in June 2015, 82% agreed with the statement that "the UK's membership of the EU is good for British businesses", while 12% disagreed.[34][35] In a follow-up poll reported in March 2016, 63% agreed that "British businesses are better off inside the European Union than out of it" while 20% disagreed.[35][36] To the statement, "An EU exit risks stifling British business growth," 59% agreed and 30% disagreed. To the statement, "Our membership of the EU gives British businesses invaluable access to European markets," 71% agreed and 16% disagreed. Thirty-five per cent agreed that "An EU exit would leave British businesses facing a skills shortage" while 50% disagreed.[36]

The manufacturers' organisation EEF used the market research organisation GfK to conduct a survey in late 2015 of 500 senior decision-makers in manufacturing organisations. Of these, 63% wanted the UK to stay in the EU, and 5% wanted it to leave. Three percent said there was no advantage to their businesses for the UK to be in the EU, against 50% who said it was important and a further 20% who said it was critical for their business.[37][38]

Two surveys by consultants Deloitte asked 120 Chief Financial Officers of large UK companies "whether it is in the interests of UK businesses for the UK to remain a member of the EU." In the first survey, in the final quarter of 2015, 62% agreed while 6% disagreed. A further 28% said they would withhold their judgement until the renegotiation in February 2016. The second survey, in early 2016, had 75% saying it was in the interest of UK businesses to remain, with 8% saying it was not.[39][40]

In April 2016, the International Chamber of Commerce published a survey of 226 businesses from 27 different countries. Of these international businesses, 46% said they would reduce investment in the UK if it left the EU, while 1% said Brexit would increase their investment in the UK. As to whether the UK should leave the EU, 8% thought it should, while 86% wanted the UK to remain.[41][42][43]

In May 2016, law firm King & Wood Mallesons published a survey of 300 businesses, equally split between France, Spain, Italy, and Germany. Asked about the prospect of the UK leaving the EU, 68% said it would adversely affect their businesses and 62% said they would be less likely to do business in the UK. When asked to name ways in which their businesses could benefit from Brexit, a majority of respondents in France, Italy, and Spain said that their countries could benefit as companies move jobs out of the UK.[44][45]

Scientists

In March 2016, Nature reported a survey of 907 active science researchers based in the UK. Of these, 78% said exit from the EU would be "somewhat harmful" or "very harmful" for UK science, with 9% saying it would be "somewhat beneficial" or "very beneficial". Asked, "Should the UK exit the EU or remain?" 83% chose "remain" and 12% "exit".[46] The journal also surveyed a further 954 scientists based in the EU but outside the UK. Of these, 47% said the UK's exit would be "harmful" or "very harmful" for science in the EU, with 11.5% choosing "beneficial" or "very beneficial".[46]

Lawyers

Legal Week surveyed almost 350 partners in legal firms. Of these, 77% said that a UK exit from the EU would have a "negative" or "very negative" effect on the City's position in global financial markets, with 6.2% predicting a "positive" effect. Asked about the effect on their own firms, 59% of the partners predicted a "quite adverse" or "very adverse" effect, while 13% said the effect would be "quite positive" or "very positive".[47]

Economists

The Financial Times surveyed 105 economists about how an exit from the EU would affect their views of the UK's prospects, publishing the results in January 2016. In the medium term, 76 respondents (72%) said the UK's prospects would be worse, 8 (7.6%) said they would be better, and 18 (17%) predicted no difference.[48]

Ipsos MORI surveyed members of the Royal Economic Society and the Society of Business Economists for The Observer, with 639 responses. Over the next five years, 88% said that Brexit would have a negative effect on GDP, 7% said it would have no impact, and 3% said there would it would have a positive impact, while 82% said it would have a negative effect on household incomes, 9% said it would have no impact, and 7% said it would have a positive effect. Over ten to twenty years, 72% said it would have a negative effect on GDP, 11% said it would have no impact and 11% said it would have a positive effect, while 73% said it would have a negative effect on household income, 13% said it would have no impact, and 10% said it would have a positive effect.[49][50]

Other opinion polling

In a poll released in December 2015, Lord Ashcroft asked 20,000 people in the UK to place themselves on a scale of 0-100 of how likely they were vote to remain or leave. A total of 47% placed themselves in the "leave" end of the scale, 38% in the "remain" end and 14% were completely undecided.[51][52]

On British withdrawal

  •  France – A poll conducted by French daily newspaper Le Parisien in January 2013 found that 52% of French voters were in favour of the UK withdrawing from the EU.[53] Of the 1,136 people polled, in conjunction with French research agency BVA in January 2013, 48% said they would rather the UK remained inside the EU.[54]
  •  Germany – A study carried out by Internationale Politik in January 2013 found 64% of Germans favoured Britain remaining inside the EU – with 36% saying they favoured an exit. The biggest support for retaining the union with the UK was with the younger generation with 69% of 18- to 25-year-olds saying they wanted the UK to stay. Amongst the German political parties, the supporters of the Green Party remained most favourable at 85%.[55]

Ashcroft polling

In early 2016, Lord Ashcroft polled individuals in each of the other European Union member states to gauge opinion on whether they thought the United Kingdom should leave the EU, whether they thought the UK should remain a member or whether they believed it didn't matter. All member states said that they wanted the UK to remain a member, except Cyprus, the Czech Republic and Slovenia.[56]

Additionally, Ashcroft asked the same group of people whether they would be happy for Britain to remain in the European Union to renegotiated terms or whether they thought the UK should leave if they don't like their current terms of membership. Newer countries to the European Union, countries which have joined the Union since 2004, were the biggest supporters: 52% supported the renegotiated position, compared to just 40% of respondents from EU members who joined before 2004.[56]

ICM polling

An ICM online poll of 1,000 adults in each of nine European countries in November 2015 found an average of 53% in favour of the UK's remaining in the EU.[57]

On the possible withdrawal of other countries

  • Denmark Denmark – A poll commissioned in January 2013 following David Cameron's EU referendum speech found that 52% of Danes would still want their country to stay within the EU even if the UK voted to withdraw. However, 47% said they would like the British Government to attempt to renegotiate improved terms of their membership.[58]
  • Republic of Ireland Ireland – A Red C poll, commissioned by European Movement Ireland in January 2013, found most Irish people would opt for Ireland to remain inside the EU – 66% – even if the UK decided to leave. Just 29% of those asked said that Ireland should leave if the UK does.[59]

See also

External links

References

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  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lord Ashcroft Polls
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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