Painted whitestart

Painted whitestart
File:Painted Redstart.jpg
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Parulidae
Genus:	Myioborus
Species:	M. pictus
Binomial name
Myioborus pictus (Swainson, 1829)
File:Myioborus pictus map.svg
Range of M. pictus      Breeding range     Year-round range
Synonyms
Setophaga pictus

The painted whitestart or painted redstart (Myioborus pictus), is a species of New World warbler.

Taxonomy

When he first described the species in 1829, naturalist William John Swainson assigned it to the genus Setophaga — the same genus as that of the American redstart — where it remained for nearly a century and a half, though one naturalist placed it in the Old World flycatcher genus Muscicapa during that time. By the mid 1960s, researchers recommended that it be moved to its current genus, Myioborus, based on various similarities with the other whitestarts. There are two subspecies, which differ only slightly in appearance:

• M. p. pictus is found from Arizona and New Mexico in the southern United States to Oaxaca and Veracruz in Mexico. Birds in the northern part of the range tend to migrate to the southern parts of the subspecies' range for the winter.
• M. p. guatemalae, which is found from Chiapas in southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua, has little or no white edging on the tertials and less white on the fourth rectrix of the tail. It is non-migratory.

Description

The painted whitestart is the largest of the whitestarts, measuring 15 cm (5.9 in) in length and weighing between 5.9–9.6 g (0.21–0.34 oz). The sexes are the same in plumage, though males average slightly larger than females. The adult is mostly black, with a bright red lower breast and belly, large white wing patches, white outer tail feathers and white crescents below its eyes. The bill and legs are blackish.

The juvenile painted whitestart lacks the red belly and glossy black plumage of the adult. It is brownish-gray overall, with a paler belly and undertail coverts, and a pale cream or buff tinge to its wing patches.

Voice

Painted whitestarts are unusual amongst birds, and especially amongst warblers in that the female painted redstart is capable of singing just as well as a male, and during spring courtship a pair will often bond by singing together.

Habitat and range

Painted whitestarts are common at heights between 1,500–2,500 m (4,900–8,200 ft) and will make their homes in open oak woodlands and canyons in Central America, but will also range as far north as Arizona and New Mexico in the United States, called the Madrean sky islands as well as the Mogollon Rim to the north, (southern regions of the Colorado Plateau). During the summer and winter, these birds may venture as far south as Nicaragua. In 2010, a painted redstart was found further north in California than had ever been recorded, in Auburn, CA, east of Sacramento. In 2013, one was observed in Berkeley, CA.

Nesting

Their nesting is done on the ground, and they create their nests so that they will be hidden among rocks, roots, or tufts of grass on steeply sloping ground. Their nests are large and shallow, constructed of strips of bark, plant fibers, leaves, and grass. The female will lay 3 or 4 white to cream-colored eggs that are speckled with fine brown and reddish spots. Incubation lasts about 14 days, but other nesting details are largely unknown.

The young painted whitestart has a deep yellow-orange mouth lining.

External links

• Stamps (for Nicaragua) with RangeMap
• Painted redstart photo gallery VIREO (with photo of egg clutch)
• Photo-High Res; Article borderland-tours

• http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/11/18/painted-redstart-visits-berkeley-a-first-for-alameda-county/