Pinoresinol

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Pinoresinol
Chemical structure of pinoresinol
Names
IUPAC name
4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
Other names
(+)-Pinoresinol
(-)-Pinoresinol
Identifiers
487-36-5 YesY=
ChEMBL ChEMBL487611 N
ChemSpider 66116 N
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
PubChem 73399
  • InChI=1S/C20H22O6/c1-23-17-7-11(3-5-15(17)21)19-13-9-26-20(14(13)10-25-19)12-4-6-16(22)18(8-12)24-2/h3-8,13-14,19-22H,9-10H2,1-2H3/t13-,14-,19+,20+/m0/s1 N
    Key: HGXBRUKMWQGOIE-AFHBHXEDSA-N N
  • InChI=1/C20H22O6/c1-23-17-7-11(3-5-15(17)21)19-13-9-26-20(14(13)10-25-19)12-4-6-16(22)18(8-12)24-2/h3-8,13-14,19-22H,9-10H2,1-2H3/t13-,14-,19+,20+/m0/s1
    Key: HGXBRUKMWQGOIE-AFHBHXEDBE
  • COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O
Properties
C20H22O6
Molar mass 358.38 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Pinoresinol is a lignan found in Styrax sp.[1] and in Forsythia suspensa.[2] It is also found in the caterpillar of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae where it serves as a defence against ants.[3]

In food, it is found in sesame seed, in Brassica vegetables[4] and in olive oil.[5]

Biosynthesis

A first dirigent protein was discovered in Forsythia intermedia. This protein has been found to direct the stereoselective biosynthesis of (+)-pinoresinol from coniferyl alcohol monomers.[6] Recently, a second, enantiocomplementary dirigent protein was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, which directs enantioselective synthesis of (-)-pinoresinol.[7]

Reaction of monolignol radicals in the presence of dirigent protein to form (+)-pinoresinol
In the presence of dirigent protein from Forsythia intermedia, production of (+)-pinoresinol is greatly enriched while production of other products of dimerization is inhibited.

Pharmacology

Pinoresinol inhibits the enzyme α-glucosidase in vitro and may therefore act as a hypoglycemic agent.[8] A study involving extra virgin olive oil showed that pinoresinol possess in vitro chemoprevention properties. Increased apoptosis and cellular arrest at the G2/M stage in p53-proficient cells occurred.[9]

Metabolism into enterolignans

Pinoresinol, along with other plant lignans, are converted into enterolignans by intestinal microflora in the human body.[10]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Pastrorova et al. (1997)[full citation needed]
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