SMSS J031300.36-670839.3

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SMSS J031300.36-670839.3
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Hydrus
Right ascension 03h 13m 00.36s[1]
Declination −67° 08′ 39.3″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 14.7[1]
Astrometry
Distance 6,000 ly
Details
Surface gravity (log g) 2.3[1] cgs
Temperature 5,125[1] K
Metallicity [Fe/H] ≤−7.1 (<3D>,nLTE)[1] dex
Age 13.6 Gyr
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence star
Spectral type K[2]
Other designations
SMSS J0313-6708,[3] SMSS 0313-6708, SMSS J031300.36-670839.3

SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 (shortened as SMSS J0313-6708;[3] informally abbreviated to SM0313[4]) is a star in the Milky Way at a distance of 6000 light years from Earth. With an age of approximately 13.6 billion years,[5] it is one of the oldest stars known. Another star, HD 140283, is considered to be older, but there is uncertainty in values of its age. This makes SM0313 the oldest known star with an accurate determination of its age.[2][6][7] The star formed only about 100 million years after the Big Bang, and has been shining for 13.6 billion years. The star's very low upper limit of iron of less than one ten millionth the iron level of the Sun,[8] suggests that it is one of the first Population II stars, formed from a gas cloud enriched by some of the very first stars.[6] SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 also has a much higher carbon supply compared to iron, more than a thousand times greater.[6] Apart from hydrogen, which appeared in the Big Bang, the star also contains carbon, magnesium, and calcium which could have been formed in a low energy supernova.[8] Methylidyne (CH) is also detected by its absorption line. No oxygen or nitrogen have been detected.[1] The star is a K class dwarf.[2]

The star was discovered by a team led by Australian National University astronomers.[7] The discovery was reported in Nature on 9 February 2014[1] and indicates that the supernovae of the first generation of stars may not have been as powerful as previously thought.[6]

The discovery was made possible by the SkyMapper,[7] a fully automated optical telescope at Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia.[8] SkyMapper was built to replace the Great Melbourne Telescope at Mount Stromlo after that telescope was burnt in the 2003 Canberra bushfires.[9] Its purpose was to do whole sky surveys.

Elemental abundance compared to Sun[1]
Elements [M/H]
Lithium 0.7
Carbon −2.6
Magnesium −3.8
Calcium −7

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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