Second pharyngeal arch
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| Second pharyngeal arch | |
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Head end of human embryo, about the end of the fourth week.
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| Details | |
| Latin | arcus pharyngeus secundus |
| Identifiers | |
| Code | TE E5.16.4.0.2.0.12 |
| TA | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 744: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
| TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
| FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
| Anatomical terminology
[[[d:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|edit on Wikidata]]]
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The second pharyngeal arch or hyoid arch, is the second of six pharyngeal arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development[1] and assists in forming the side and front of the neck.
Contents
Reichert's cartilage
Cartilage in the second pharyngeal arch is referred to as Reichert's cartilage and contributes to many structures in the fully developed adult.[2] In contrast to the Meckel's cartilage of the first pharyngeal arch it does not constitute a continuous element, and instead is composed of two distinct cartilagenous segments joined by a faint layer of mesenchyme.[3] Dorsal ends of Reichert's cartilage ossify during development to form the stapes of the middle ear before being incorporated into the middle ear cavity, while the ventral portion ossifies to form the lesser cornu and upper part of the body of the hyoid bone. Caudal to what will eventually become the stapes, Reichert's cartilage also forms the styloid process of the temporal bone. The cartilage between the hyoid bone and styloid process will not remain as development continues, but its perichondrium will eventually form the stylohyoid ligament.
Derivatives
Skeletal elements
From the cartilage of the second arch arises
- Stapes,
- Temporal styloid process,
- Stylohyoid ligament, and
- Lesser cornu of the hyoid bone.
Muscles
- Muscles of face
- Occipitofrontalis muscle
- Platysma
- Stylohyoid muscle
- Posterior belly of Digastric
- Stapedius muscle
- Auricular muscles
Nerve supply
Blood supply
The artery of the second arch is the second aortic arch,[4] which gives origin to the stapedial artery in some mammals but atrophies in humans.
Additional images
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Human embryo from thirty-one to thirty-four days
References
- This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
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<references />, or <references group="..." />External links
- plastic/216 at eMedicine
- Overview at howard.edu
- Second branchial arch: Mnemonic
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This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- ↑ William J. Larsen (2001). Human embryology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-06583-7
- ↑ Sudhir, Sant, 2008.Embryology for Medical Students 2nd edition
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ McMinn, R., 1994. Last's anatomy: Regional and applied (9th ed).
