Trans-regulatory element
Trans-regulatory elements are genes which may modify (or regulate) the expression of distant genes.[1] More specifically, trans-regulatory elements are DNA sequences that encode transcription factors.
Trans-regulatory elements work through an intermolecular interaction between two different molecules: (1) a transcribed and translated transcription factor protein derived from the trans-regulatory element; and a (2) DNA regulatory element that is adjacent to the regulated gene. This is in contrast to cis-regulatory elements that work through an intramolecular interaction between different parts of the same molecule: (1) a gene; and (2) an adjacent regulatory element for that gene in the same DNA molecule.
Properties of trans-acting factors include: [2]
- subunits of RNA polymerase
- binds to RNA polymerase to stabilize the initiation complex
- binds to all promoters at specific sequences, but not to RNA polymerase (TFIID factors)
- binds to a few promoters and are required for transcription initiation (positive regulators of gene expression)
See also
References
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