Umar of Borno
| Umar of Borno | |
|---|---|
| File:Nachtigal Umar Borno.jpg | |
| Reign | 4 June 1837 - December 1881 |
| Predecessor | Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, Kanemi |
| Successor | Bukar Kura |
| Died | December 1881 Borno |
| Burial | Kukawa |
| Issue | Bukar Kura |
| Dynasty | Kanemi |
| Father | Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi |
| Religion | Muslim |
Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (Arabic: اولعمر ابن محمد لرشيد) or Umar of Borno (died 1881) was Shehu (Sheik) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire and son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi.
Reign of Umar
Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837.[1] Umar did not match his father's vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (wazirs). Umar ruled from 1837 until November 1853 when he was deposed by his brother `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin who became Shehu. The latter only reigned until 1854 when Umar reconquered his throne.[2]
Umar ruled as Shehu for a second time from September 1854 to 1880. Borno began to decline, as a result of administrative disorganization, regional particularism, and attacks by the militant Ouaddai Empire to the east. The decline continued under Umar's sons, and in 1894 Rabih az-Zubayr, leading an invading army from eastern Sudan, conquered Borno.[3]
Dynasty
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Umar of Borno
|
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | 2nd Shehu of Borno 1837-1853 |
Succeeded by `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin |
| Preceded by | 2nd Shehu of Borno 1854-1881 |
Succeeded by Bukar Kura |
Footnotes
- ↑ Louis Brenner, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), p.72.
- ↑ Louis Brenner, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.78-79.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Bibliography
- Brenner, Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973).
- Cohen, Ronald, The Kanuri of Bornu, Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967).
- Denham, Dixon and Captain Clapperton and the Late Doctor Oudney, Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, (Boston: Cummings, Hilliards and Co., 1826).
- Isichei, Elizabeth, A History of African Societies to 1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 318–320, ISBN 0-521-45599-5.
- Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in General history of Africa, ed. by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp. 238–265.
- Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in Histoire Generale De l'Afrique, Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp. 599–646.
- Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Palmer, Herbert Richmond, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936).
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
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