Yana language
- The article is about a Californian language. For the Chinese city, see Yan'an.
| Yana | |
|---|---|
| Native to | USA |
| Region | California |
| Ethnicity | Yana |
| Extinct | 1916, with death of Ishi[1] |
|
Hokan?
|
|
| Dialects |
Yahi
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ynn |
|
Linguist list
|
ynn |
| Glottolog | yana1271[2] |
| 220px
Pre-contact distribution of the Yana language
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Yana (also Yanan) is an extinct language formerly spoken by the Yana people, who lived in north-central California between the Feather and Pit rivers in what is now the Shasta and Tehama counties.
The language perished in 1916 with the death of Ishi, who spoke the Yahi dialect. Yana is fairly well-documented (mostly by Edward Sapir) compared to other extinct American languages.
The names Yana and Yahi are derived from the word for "people" in the respective dialects.
Contents
Regional variation
There are four known dialects:
- Northern Yana
- Central Yana
- Southern Yana
- South Yana
- Yahi
Classification
Yana is often classified as a branch of the Hokan family. Sapir suggested a grouping of Yana within a Northern Hokan sub-family with Karuk, Chimariko, Shastan, Palaihnihan, and Pomoan. Contemporary linguists generally consider Yana to be a language isolate.[3][4]
Characteristics
Yana is polysynthetic and agglutinative, with a subject-verb-object word order. Unlike other languages of the region, Yana had different word forms for males and females.[5]
Bibliography
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
- Sapir, Edward. 1910. Yana Texts. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. 1, no. 9. Berkeley: University Press. (Online version at the Internet Archive).
- Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1–20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1–3, 16, 18–20 not yet published).
References
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- Yana language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
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- Yana basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
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- ↑ Parkvall, Mikael. 2006. Limits of Language, London: Battlebridge; p. 51.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Marianne Mithun, The Languages of Native North America (1999, Cambridge)
- ↑ Lyle Campbell, American Indian Languages, The Historical Linguistics of Native America (1997, Oxford)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Pages with reference errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Extinct ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue
- Yana
- Indigenous languages of California
- Language isolates of North America
- Extinct languages of North America
- Hokan languages
- Languages of the United States
- Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
