Sakharov Prize

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For other uses, see Sakharov Prize (disambiguation).

The Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, commonly known as the Sakharov Prize, is an honorary award for individuals or groups who have dedicated their lives to the defence of human rights and freedom of thought.[1] Named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, the prize was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament.

A shortlist of nominees is drawn up annually by the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Development. The MEPs who make up those committees then select a shortlist in September.[2] Thereafter, the final choice is given to The European Parliament's Conference of Presidents (President and political group's leaders) and the laureate's name is announced late in October. The prize is awarded in a ceremony at the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle (round chamber) in December.[3][2] The prize includes a monetary award of €50,000.[3]

The first prize was awarded jointly to South African Nelson Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990 award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not receive it until 2013 as a result of her political imprisonment in Burma.[4] The prize has also been awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in 1992. Five Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, Malala Yousafzai, Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad.[5]

Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing.[6] Nasrin Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013,[7] but is still barred from leaving Iran, along with fellow 2012 laureate Jafar Panahi.[8] The 2017 prize was awarded to the Democratic Opposition in Venezuela, under boycott of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left.[9][10]

Laureates

Key
Posthumous award Indicates a posthumous award
Year Image Recipient Nationality Notes Reference
1988 Nelson Mandela was the inaugural winner of the prize, together with Anatoly Marchenko Nelson Mandela  South Africa Anti-apartheid activist and later first President of South Africa [11]
Anatoly Marchenko Posthumous award  Soviet Union Soviet dissident, author, and human rights activist [12]
1989 100px Alexander Dubček  Czechoslovakia Slovak politician, attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring [11]
1990 Suu Kyi in 2013 Aung San Suu Kyi  Burma At the time she received the award, Suu Kyi was an opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy, known for her peaceful struggle against military rule in Myanmar. She personally accepted the award in 2013, after she was released from 15 years of house arrest. In 2020, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament formally suspended Suu Kyi from the Sakharov Prize Community due to her role in the atrocities against the Rohingya people, but did not revoke the prize itself. [13][14][15][16]
1991
-
 Adem Demaçi  Yugoslavia Kosovo Albanian politician and long-term political prisoner [11]
1992 The white shawl of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, painted on the floor in Buenos Aires, Argentina Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo  Argentina Association of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the Dirty War [13]
1993 100px Oslobođenje  Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Popular newspaper that defended Bosnia and Herzegovina as a multi-ethnic state [13]
1994 100px Taslima Nasrin  Bangladesh Feminist author and former doctor [13]
1995 Zana in 2007 Leyla Zana  Turkey Politician of Kurdish descent from Southeastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 15 years for being a member of the PKK [11]
1996 100px Wei Jingsheng  China Activist in the Chinese democracy movement [13]
1997 100px Salima Ghezali  Algeria Journalist and writer, activist for women's rights, human rights, and democracy in Algeria [13]
1998 100px Ibrahim Rugova  FR Yugoslavia Kosovo Albanian politician and first President of Kosovo [11]
1999 100px Xanana Gusmão  East Timor Former militant and later first President of East Timor [17]
2000
-
 ¡Basta Ya!  Spain Organisation uniting individuals of various political positions against terrorism [18]
2001 100px Nurit Peled-Elhanan  Israel Peace activist [11]
Izzat Ghazzawi  Palestine Writer and professor
100px Dom Zacarias Kamwenho  Angola Archbishop and peace activist
2002 Oswaldo Payá  Cuba Political activist and dissident [19]
2003 Annan in 2012 Kofi Annan  Ghana Nobel Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations [11]
The UN-flag since its inception in 1946 United Nations International
2004
-
 Belarusian Association of Journalists  Belarus Non-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and promoting professional standards of journalism" [20]
2005 100px Ladies in White  Cuba Opposition movement, relatives of jailed dissidents [21]
The Reporters Without Borders logo since 2012 Reporters Without Borders International France-based non-governmental organisation advocating freedom of the press [21]
100px Hauwa Ibrahim  Nigeria Human rights lawyer [21]
2006 100px Alaksandar Milinkievič  Belarus Politician chosen by United Democratic Forces of Belarus as the joint candidate of the opposition in the 2006 presidential election [22]
2007 Osman in 2013 Salih Mahmoud Osman  Sudan Human rights lawyer [13]
2008 100px Hu Jia  China Activist and dissident [23]
2009
-
 Memorial  Russia International civil rights and historical society [24]
2010 100px Guillermo Fariñas  Cuba Doctor, journalist, and political dissident [25]
2011[lower-alpha 1] 100px Asmaa Mahfouz  Egypt Five representatives of the Arab people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights [26]
100px Ahmed al-Senussi  Libya
100px Razan Zaitouneh  Syria
Ferzat from Michael Netzer's Portraits of the Creators Sketchbook, 2011 Ali Farzat
Mohamed Bouazizi Posthumous award  Tunisia
2012 100px Jafar Panahi  Iran Iranian activists, Sotoudeh is a lawyer and Panahi is a film director. [27][28]
100px Nasrin Sotoudeh
2013 100px Malala Yousafzai  Pakistan Campaigner for women's rights and education [29]
2014 Mukwege in 2014 Denis Mukwege  Democratic Republic of the Congo Gynecologist treating victims of gang rape [30]
2015 Badawi in 2012 Raif Badawi  Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian writer, activist, and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals [31][lower-alpha 2]
2016 100px Nadia Murad  Iraq Yazidi human rights activists and former abductees of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant [32]
100px Lamiya Aji Bashar
2017 100px Democratic opposition in Venezuela  Venezuela Members of the country's National Assembly and all political prisoners as listed by Foro Penal Venezolano represented by Leopoldo López, Julio Borges, Antonio Ledezma, Daniel Ceballos (es), Yon Goicoechea, Lorent Saleh, Alfredo Ramos (es) and Andrea González. The award was seen as rewarding the "courage of student activists and protesters in face of repression by Nicolas Maduro's government"[33] and boycotted by the European United Left–Nordic Green Left parliamentary group.[10] <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Further information: 2017 Venezuelan protests
 [34]
2018 100px Oleg Sentsov  Ukraine Film director, symbol of the struggle for the release of political prisoners held in Russia and around the world [35]
2019 100px Ilham Tohti  China Uyghur economist, scholar, and human rights activist [36]
2020 100px Democratic opposition in Belarus  Belarus Democratic opposition of Belarus represented by the Coordination Council, an initiative of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Svetlana Alexievich, Maria Kalesnikava, Volha Kavalkova and Veranika Tsapkala, and political and civil society figures - Siarhei Tsikhanouski, Ales Bialiatski, Sergei Dylevsky, Stsiapan Putsila and Mikola Statkevich. [37][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4]
2021 100px Alexei Navalny  Russia Opposition politician and anti-corruption activist [39]
2022 100px The Ukrainian people  Ukraine Awarded to Ukrainians who are "protecting democracy, freedom and rule of law" following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[40] [41]
2023 100px Mahsa Jina Amini Posthumous award  Iran Mahsa Amini's death under suspicious circumstances led to widespread protests, often under the slogan Woman, Life, Freedom.[42] [42]
100px Woman, Life, Freedom movement

Table notes

  1. ↑ The laureates were advocates of the Arab Spring
  2. ↑ Badawi founded and ran two online forums for discussions on religion and politics in his conservative country, namely Saudi Liberals and Free Saudi Liberals
  3. ↑ One of them is Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, the human rights activist and politician who participated in the 2020 presidential election as the main opposition candidate
  4. ↑ Due to infection control measures taken because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of events related to the Sakharov Community were postponed in 2020, including the Sakharov Fellowship, One World in Brussels and the European Youth Event.[38]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Sakharov Prize 2018: three finalists selected", News—European Parliament, 10 September 2018 Archived 10 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Merlin Sugue, EU Parliament suspends Aung San Suu Kyi from Sakharov Prize Community Archived 9 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Politico (10 September 2020).
  15. ↑ Press release, Aung San Suu Kyi suspended from the Sakharov Prize Community Archived 18 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, European Parliament (10 September 2020).
  16. ↑ Myanmar's Aung San Suu Kyi suspended from rights prize community Archived 9 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Welle (10 September 2020).
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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