Lonidamine

Lonidamine

Systematic (IUPAC) name
1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	50264-69-2 Y
ATC code	L01XX07 (WHO)
PubChem	CID: 39562
ChemSpider	36170
UNII	U78804BIDR Y
KEGG	D07257 Y
Chemical data
Formula	C15H10Cl2N2O2
Molecular mass	321.158 g/mol
SMILES C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=NN2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C(=O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C15H10Cl2N2O2/c16-10-6-5-9(12(17)7-10)8-19-13-4-2-1-3-11(13)14(18-19)15(20)21/h1-7H,8H2,(H,20,21) Key:WDRYRZXSPDWGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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Lonidamine is a derivative of indazole-3-carboxylic acid, which for a long time, has been known to inhibit aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. It seems to enhance aerobic glycolysis in normal cells, but suppress glycolysis in cancer cells. This is most likely through the inhibition of the mitochondrially bound hexokinase. Later studies in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells showed that lonidamine inhibits both respiration and glycolysis leading to a decrease in cellular ATP.

Clinical trials of lonidamine in combination with other anticancer agents for a variety of cancers has begun. This is due to its proven ability to inhibit energy metabolism in cancer cells, and to enhance the activity of anticancer agents.

Lonidamine has been used in the treatment of brain tumours in combination with radiotherapy and temozolomide. An in-vitro study showed that a combination of temozolomide and lonidamine at clinically achievable, low plasma concentrations, could inhibit tumour growth, and lonidamine could reduce the dose of temozolomide required for radiosensitization of brain tumours.

A derivative of lonidamine, gamendazole, is in testing as a possible male contraceptive pill.