CXCL10

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10
PDB rendering based on 1o7z.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1LV9, 1O7Y, 1O7Z, 1O80
Identifiers
Symbols	CXCL10 ; C7; IFI10; INP10; IP-10; SCYB10; crg-2; gIP-10; mob-1
External IDs	OMIM: 147310 MGI: 1352450 HomoloGene: 1203 GeneCards: CXCL10 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor binding • protein binding • chemokine activity • heparin binding • cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity • CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • external side of plasma membrane Biological process • chemotaxis • inflammatory response • immune response • signal transduction • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • cell-cell signaling • muscle organ development • blood circulation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • response to cold • response to gamma radiation • T cell chemotaxis • regulation of T cell chemotaxis • response to auditory stimulus • negative regulation of angiogenesis • positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process • response to vitamin D • cellular response to heat • endothelial cell activation • regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling • negative regulation of myoblast differentiation • regulation of protein kinase activity • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol • defense response to virus • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide • positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis • regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis • negative regulation of myoblast fusion • positive regulation of T cell migration Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3627	15945
Ensembl	ENSG00000169245	ENSMUSG00000034855
UniProt	P02778	P17515
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001565	NM_021274
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001556	NP_067249
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 76.02 – 76.02 Mb	Chr 5: 92.35 – 92.35 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is an 8.7 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL10 gene. C-X-C motif chemokine 10 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family.

Gene

The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines.

Function

CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-γ. These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis.

This chemokine elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3.

Structure

The three-dimensional crystal structure of this chemokine has been determined under 3 different conditions to a resolution of up to 1.92 Å. The Protein Data Bank accession codes for the structures of CXCL10 are 1lv9, 1o7y, and 1o80.

Clinical significance

Baseline pre-treatment plasma levels of CXCL10 are elevated in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) of genotypes 1 or 4 who do not achieve a sustained viral response (SVR) after completion of antiviral therapy. CXCL10 in plasma is mirrored by intrahepatic CXCL10 mRNA, and both strikingly predict the first days of elimination of HCV RNA (“first phase decline”) during interferon/ribavirin therapy for all HCV genotypes. This also applies for patients co-infected with HIV, where pre-treatment IP-10 levels below 150 pg/mL are predictive of a favorable response, and may thus be useful in encouraging these otherwise difficult-to-treat patients to initiate therapy.